Best answer is (D)
(A) The verb "has" agrees with the plural subject "The numbers of." On the other hand, saying "more than a ten percent increase" is redundant and awkward phrasing.
(B) The number of internet users has grown by greater than ten percent in the past year.
The phrase "greater than ten percent" is not as clear as "more than ten percent." The comparative form of "greater" is usually used when comparing two things.
(C) The numbers of internet users have grown by more than ten percent in the past year.
The numbers of here in unidiomatic. Because the « numbers » in this sentence indicates « users. » You can use the numbers of when you refer to two things.
(D) This option correctly uses "the number" as the subject and the verb "has." The comparison and tense are also correct.
(E) The number of internet users grew by greater than ten percent in the past year.
This option uses the past tense "grew" instead of the present perfect tense "has grown." While both tenses can be correct depending on the context, using the present perfect tense may be more appropriate in this case, as it emphasizes the ongoing growth up to the present moment.
Considering all these factors, options (D) is the most suitable.