(A) The prisoner was expedited from California to Florida.Expedited is the wrong word [make (an action or process) happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly]
(B) From California to Florida, the prisoner was expedited.As above
(C) The prisoner from California was extradited to Florida.This makes sense.
The prisoner was extradited to Florida with
from California as a modifier. It would be nice to know where she was extradited from though. Don't think there's anything grammatically wrong with this sentence.
(D) The prisoner was extradited from California to Florida.Again this makes sense - sent from Cali to Flo. It also makes more sense than C, but isn't grammatically any better. Poor way to differentiate, but D is better than C
(E) From California, the prisoner was expedited to Florida.Active voice is preferred over passive voice. D