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Updated on: 01 Jun 2025, 23:27
Originally posted by Sakshi2013 on 01 Jun 2025, 12:12.
Last edited by Carcass on 01 Jun 2025, 23:27, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Carcass on 01 Jun 2025, 23:27, edited 1 time in total.
Formatted
Kudos
Bookmarks
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
45% (01:52) correct
55%
(02:09)
wrong
based on 249
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
There are people who object to students taking tuitions. They point out that since 2005, the grades of students who took tuitions have been significantly lower than the grades of students who did not take such tuitions. Therefore, for schools, students taking tuitions is a bad idea and lowers the reputation of the schools.
Which of the following, if true, is the most effective challenge to the critics of tuitions by outside teachers?
A. Apart from the grades secured by students, there are multiple reasons that affect the reputation of a school.
B. The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
C. The admissions to many schools whose students take tuitions from outside have fallen somewhat since 2005.
D. School authorities cannot force a student to drop tuitions even if the student does not secure good grades in school assignments.
E. The system of giving grades has become lenient in almost all schools since 2005.
Which of the following, if true, is the most effective challenge to the critics of tuitions by outside teachers?
A. Apart from the grades secured by students, there are multiple reasons that affect the reputation of a school.
B. The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
C. The admissions to many schools whose students take tuitions from outside have fallen somewhat since 2005.
D. School authorities cannot force a student to drop tuitions even if the student does not secure good grades in school assignments.
E. The system of giving grades has become lenient in almost all schools since 2005.
01 Jun 2025, 14:37
Kudos
Bookmarks
Request you to explain why B is the correct answer.
01 Jun 2025, 23:28
Kudos
Bookmarks
Critics' Claim:
- Since 2005, students who took tuitions had significantly lower grades than those who didn't.
- Therefore, tuitions are a bad idea and lower schools' reputations.
Goal:
Find an option that most effectively challenges this criticism by providing an alternative explanation or undermining the causality implied by the critics.
Analyzing Each Option
Option A: Apart from grades, there are multiple reasons that affect the reputation of a school.
- Impact: Weak. It suggests grades aren't the only factor, but doesn't address why tuition students have lower grades or whether tuitions are harmful.
- Conclusion: Doesn't directly challenge the critics.
Option B: The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
- Impact: Strong. Implies that higher-achieving students already avoided tuitions, so the lower grades of tuition students might reflect pre-existing differences (e.g., weaker students seek tuitions) rather than tuitions causing lower grades.
- Conclusion: Undermines the causality (tuitions $\(\rightarrow\)$ lower grades) by suggesting self-selection bias.
Option C: *Admissions to schools with tuition-taking students have fallen since 2005.*
- Impact: Irrelevant. This aligns with critics' concerns (lower reputation $\(\rightarrow\)$ fewer admissions) but doesn't challenge their reasoning.
- Conclusion: Supports critics, doesn't challenge them.
Option D: Schools cannot force students to drop tuitions even if they perform poorly.
- Impact: Neutral. Discusses schools' control over tuitions but doesn't address the grade disparity or causality.
- Conclusion: Doesn't challenge the core argument.
Option E: Grading has become lenient in almost all schools since 2005.
- Impact: Weak. If grading is lenient, why do tuition students still have lower grades? Doesn't explain the disparity.
- Conclusion: Doesn't directly refute the critics.
Why Option B is the Best Challenge
The critics assume that tuitions cause lower grades. Option B introduces an alternative explanation:
- Higher-achieving students (who already had good grades) avoided tuitions, while struggling students (who had lower grades) sought tuitions.
- Thus, the grade disparity reflects student ability, not the effect of tuitions. This breaks the causal link the critics rely on.
Why Other Options Fail
- A, D, E: Don't address the causality or provide plausible alternatives.
- C: Aligns with critics, making it ineffective as a challenge.
Final Answer
B. The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
This option most effectively challenges the critics by suggesting that the correlation (tuitions + lower grades) is due to self-selection bias, not causation.
Correct Answer: B
- Since 2005, students who took tuitions had significantly lower grades than those who didn't.
- Therefore, tuitions are a bad idea and lower schools' reputations.
Goal:
Find an option that most effectively challenges this criticism by providing an alternative explanation or undermining the causality implied by the critics.
Analyzing Each Option
Option A: Apart from grades, there are multiple reasons that affect the reputation of a school.
- Impact: Weak. It suggests grades aren't the only factor, but doesn't address why tuition students have lower grades or whether tuitions are harmful.
- Conclusion: Doesn't directly challenge the critics.
Option B: The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
- Impact: Strong. Implies that higher-achieving students already avoided tuitions, so the lower grades of tuition students might reflect pre-existing differences (e.g., weaker students seek tuitions) rather than tuitions causing lower grades.
- Conclusion: Undermines the causality (tuitions $\(\rightarrow\)$ lower grades) by suggesting self-selection bias.
Option C: *Admissions to schools with tuition-taking students have fallen since 2005.*
- Impact: Irrelevant. This aligns with critics' concerns (lower reputation $\(\rightarrow\)$ fewer admissions) but doesn't challenge their reasoning.
- Conclusion: Supports critics, doesn't challenge them.
Option D: Schools cannot force students to drop tuitions even if they perform poorly.
- Impact: Neutral. Discusses schools' control over tuitions but doesn't address the grade disparity or causality.
- Conclusion: Doesn't challenge the core argument.
Option E: Grading has become lenient in almost all schools since 2005.
- Impact: Weak. If grading is lenient, why do tuition students still have lower grades? Doesn't explain the disparity.
- Conclusion: Doesn't directly refute the critics.
Why Option B is the Best Challenge
The critics assume that tuitions cause lower grades. Option B introduces an alternative explanation:
- Higher-achieving students (who already had good grades) avoided tuitions, while struggling students (who had lower grades) sought tuitions.
- Thus, the grade disparity reflects student ability, not the effect of tuitions. This breaks the causal link the critics rely on.
Why Other Options Fail
- A, D, E: Don't address the causality or provide plausible alternatives.
- C: Aligns with critics, making it ineffective as a challenge.
Final Answer
B. The students whose grades were highest prior to 2005 are the only students who did not take tuitions.
This option most effectively challenges the critics by suggesting that the correlation (tuitions + lower grades) is due to self-selection bias, not causation.
Correct Answer: B
