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08 Oct 2024, 09:11
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Question 1
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
81% (02:06) correct
19%
(01:55) wrong
based on 315
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (00:51) correct 34%
(00:59) wrong
based on 309
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
59% (01:13) correct 41%
(01:23) wrong
based on 316
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Three hypotheses have been proposed to account for the fact that, in many bird species, juveniles differ markedly from adults in the feeding sites they use. The specialized diet hypothesis states that juveniles and adults have become specialized in using different food resources and choose their feeding site accordingly. The inefficient site evaluation hypothesis states that juveniles may choose less profitable feeding sites because they are less able than adults to evaluate site differences efficiently. The competition hypothesis states that juveniles are forced to use suboptimal feeding sites because of competition with adults.
In a study testing the competition hypothesis, researchers found that when a significant number of adults were removed from a particular pigeon population, juveniles increasingly used the feeding site that offered the greatest food availability; when the population recovered its initial size through the influx of adult pigeons from nearby populations, juveniles resumed more frequent use of suboptimal sites. These results support the competition hypothesis and contradict both the specialized diet and inefficient site evaluation hypotheses, neither of which would predict any behavioral response to the removal of individuals. The inefficient site evaluation hypothesis can be further discounted because pigeons forage in flocks and the pigeons studied live in small home ranges, both of which allow juveniles to quickly acquire knowledge of suitable foraging sites.
In a study testing the competition hypothesis, researchers found that when a significant number of adults were removed from a particular pigeon population, juveniles increasingly used the feeding site that offered the greatest food availability; when the population recovered its initial size through the influx of adult pigeons from nearby populations, juveniles resumed more frequent use of suboptimal sites. These results support the competition hypothesis and contradict both the specialized diet and inefficient site evaluation hypotheses, neither of which would predict any behavioral response to the removal of individuals. The inefficient site evaluation hypothesis can be further discounted because pigeons forage in flocks and the pigeons studied live in small home ranges, both of which allow juveniles to quickly acquire knowledge of suitable foraging sites.
The fact that pigeons forage in flocks serves in the passage to
A. support the specialized diet hypothesis
B. explain a particular aspect of adult pigeons' behavior
C. undermine the inefficient site evaluation hypothesis
D. raise a possible objection to the competition hypothesis
E. explain why pigeons live in small home ranges
A. support the specialized diet hypothesis
B. explain a particular aspect of adult pigeons' behavior
C. undermine the inefficient site evaluation hypothesis
D. raise a possible objection to the competition hypothesis
E. explain why pigeons live in small home ranges
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. discuss several hypotheses that attempt to explain a behavior that is unique to a particular bird species
B. provide support for one of several hypotheses regarding a certain behavior observed in many bird species
C. offer a new interpretation of certain evidence regarding a particular bird behavior
D. describe observed behavioral differences between two groups of a particular bird species
E. challenge two widely held assumptions about a particular aspect of bird behavior
Which of the following can be inferred regarding the feeding sites of the pigeons discussed in the passage?
A. One site was identified by both adult and juvenile pigeons as being the most desirable site.
B. Some sites were in locations that were inaccessible to juvenile pigeons.
C. The sites were fairly uniform in the quantity and quality of food they offered.
D. The sites provided a specialized diet required by juvenile pigeons as well as the diet preferred by adults.
E. Some sites became suboptimal as they were increasingly used by pigeons arriving from nearby populations
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08 Oct 2024, 11:07
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Here are my notes:
Para 1: 3 Hypothesis.
Para 2: Study- Evidence for CH, supports CH, contradicts other 2. Further discounts IS.
Questions Now, using POE:
The fact that pigeons forage in flocks serves in the passage to
- This was present at the moment when the study finders wanted to discount the IS hypothesis.
A. support the specialized diet hypothesis. No it was clearly as a support to discount IS and not SD
B. explain a particular aspect of adult pigeons' behavior - No, if at all any aspect were described that was for juvenile pigeons.
C. undermine the inefficient site evaluation hypothesis - Spot on. Let's keep it.
D. raise a possible objection to the competition hypothesis - There was no objection at all.
E. explain why pigeons live in small home ranges - No, pigeons forage in flocks, doesn't indicate that they live in small home regions.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. discuss several hypotheses that attempt to explain a behavior that is unique to a particular bird species - No, Passage talks about many bird species not particular
B. provide support for one of several hypotheses regarding a certain behavior observed in many bird species- Yes, we saw how they studied for CH and gave evidence that supported for CH as the only correct hypothesis. KEEP IT.
C. offer a new interpretation of certain evidence regarding a particular bird behavior - This was a little confusing at the first pass for me so I kept it. On my 2nd pass though I came to a conclusion that there was no new interpretation offered. Study for CH just provided evidences. Hence, eliminated.
D. describe observed behavioral differences between two groups of a particular bird species. - Passage did talked about the 2 groups "adults" and "juvenile", but this wasn't the main idea. The main idea was discussing the 3 hypothesis and at the end declaring CH as the prominent one.
E. challenge two widely held assumptions about a particular aspect of bird behavior - No, incorrect right off the bat.
Which of the following can be inferred regarding the feeding sites of the pigeons discussed in the passage?
A. One site was identified by both adult and juvenile pigeons as being the most desirable site. - Yes, coz when the adults were taken out the juveniles preferred the site that offered the greatest food availability, and when the adults were added back they too preferred the same site, so there was definitely one most desirable site.
B. Some sites were in locations that were inaccessible to juvenile pigeons. - No, nothing of this sort was discussed.
C. The sites were fairly uniform in the quantity and quality of food they offered. - No, coz there was optimal and sub-optimal sites.
D. The sites provided a specialized diet required by juvenile pigeons as well as the diet preferred by adults.- No, no categorization of diet happened.
E. Some sites became suboptimal as they were increasingly used by pigeons arriving from nearby populations - No, sites never became suboptimal as per the usage.
P.S please let me know if there are any faults in my reasoning.
Para 1: 3 Hypothesis.
- specialized diet (SD) - specialized using different food, can choose area accordingly.
- inefficient site (IS) - J choose less profitable sites
- competition hypothesis (CH) - forced to use suboptimal sites
Para 2: Study- Evidence for CH, supports CH, contradicts other 2. Further discounts IS.
Questions Now, using POE:
The fact that pigeons forage in flocks serves in the passage to
- This was present at the moment when the study finders wanted to discount the IS hypothesis.
A. support the specialized diet hypothesis. No it was clearly as a support to discount IS and not SD
B. explain a particular aspect of adult pigeons' behavior - No, if at all any aspect were described that was for juvenile pigeons.
C. undermine the inefficient site evaluation hypothesis - Spot on. Let's keep it.
D. raise a possible objection to the competition hypothesis - There was no objection at all.
E. explain why pigeons live in small home ranges - No, pigeons forage in flocks, doesn't indicate that they live in small home regions.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. discuss several hypotheses that attempt to explain a behavior that is unique to a particular bird species - No, Passage talks about many bird species not particular
B. provide support for one of several hypotheses regarding a certain behavior observed in many bird species- Yes, we saw how they studied for CH and gave evidence that supported for CH as the only correct hypothesis. KEEP IT.
C. offer a new interpretation of certain evidence regarding a particular bird behavior - This was a little confusing at the first pass for me so I kept it. On my 2nd pass though I came to a conclusion that there was no new interpretation offered. Study for CH just provided evidences. Hence, eliminated.
D. describe observed behavioral differences between two groups of a particular bird species. - Passage did talked about the 2 groups "adults" and "juvenile", but this wasn't the main idea. The main idea was discussing the 3 hypothesis and at the end declaring CH as the prominent one.
E. challenge two widely held assumptions about a particular aspect of bird behavior - No, incorrect right off the bat.
Which of the following can be inferred regarding the feeding sites of the pigeons discussed in the passage?
A. One site was identified by both adult and juvenile pigeons as being the most desirable site. - Yes, coz when the adults were taken out the juveniles preferred the site that offered the greatest food availability, and when the adults were added back they too preferred the same site, so there was definitely one most desirable site.
B. Some sites were in locations that were inaccessible to juvenile pigeons. - No, nothing of this sort was discussed.
C. The sites were fairly uniform in the quantity and quality of food they offered. - No, coz there was optimal and sub-optimal sites.
D. The sites provided a specialized diet required by juvenile pigeons as well as the diet preferred by adults.- No, no categorization of diet happened.
E. Some sites became suboptimal as they were increasingly used by pigeons arriving from nearby populations - No, sites never became suboptimal as per the usage.
P.S please let me know if there are any faults in my reasoning.
