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Bunuel, KarishmaB, Sajjad1994 Please clarify
Q1: I intentionally and deliberately did not choose option C because in the option "Polyaspartate, which Koskan researched and developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to polyacrylates, shows promise for commercial applications but also faces barriers." it is mentioned that Koskan developed it but Koskan did not develop it as a synthetic material. It used to exist as a natural product.
Q5: In option C "was not due to a widely accepted belief that polyaspartate is ineffectual", it is mentioned that it was a widely accepted belief that polyaspartate is ineffectual but in the passage nowhere it is mentioned or I think, can not be drawn as an inference from the passage
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Bunuel, KarishmaB, Sajjad1994 Please clarify
Q1: I intentionally and deliberately did not choose option C because in the option "Polyaspartate, which Koskan researched and developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to polyacrylates, shows promise for commercial applications but also faces barriers." it is mentioned that Koskan developed it but Koskan did not develop it as a synthetic material. It used to exist as a natural product.

Q5: In option C "was not due to a widely accepted belief that polyaspartate is ineffectual", it is mentioned that it was a widely accepted belief that polyaspartate is ineffectual but in the passage nowhere it is mentioned or I think, can not be drawn as an inference from the passage.

Yes, you are right but reading carefully we can see that Koskan was inspired by it, He researched cost-effective ways to produce it for industrial use (synthetically, presumably). The passage says:

“Koskan started his own small company and began researching cost-effective ways of producing polyaspartate for industrial use.”

So he worked on making it viable commercially, not discovering it as a natural substance. And this is what (C) says. “Researched and developed” here fits because he researched production methods and developed its industrial applications, even if the molecule itself is natural.

For question #5, yes your reasoning is fine, (C) is incorrect and (A) is the official answer.
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thanks for the explanation of Q1. sorry, my second question is about Q4. I mistakenly wrote is as Q5. Please clarify the doubt for the Q4

Sajjad1994


Yes, you are right but reading carefully we can see that Koskan was inspired by it, He researched cost-effective ways to produce it for industrial use (synthetically, presumably). The passage says:

“Koskan started his own small company and began researching cost-effective ways of producing polyaspartate for industrial use.”

So he worked on making it viable commercially, not discovering it as a natural substance. And this is what (C) says. “Researched and developed” here fits because he researched production methods and developed its industrial applications, even if the molecule itself is natural.

For question #5, yes your reasoning is fine, (C) is incorrect and (A) is the official answer.
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thanks for the explanation of Q1. sorry, my second question is about Q4. I mistakenly wrote is as Q5. Please clarify the doubt for the Q4

The wording of option C is bit tricky.

It says:
“was not due to a widely accepted belief that polyaspartate is ineffectual.”

This does not mean that such a belief existed widely. It says the failure was not due to such a belief.

According to the passage:

Leading chemical companies and the consumer products industry stopped pursuing polyaspartate for mass-market uses because the cost was too high, not because it was ineffective. In fact, polyaspartate was seen as the most suitable replacement (paragraph 4), implying they thought it worked.Later, Koskan’s company successfully used it in niche applications, showing effectiveness.

The author would therefore agree that the shelving was not because people thought it didn’t work, but because of cost. Hence (C) is correct because the author’s presentation suggests polyaspartate is effectual, and the failure to adopt it widely was due to price, not doubts about efficacy.
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