Along with vast military and industrial consequences, British imperial

Question

Along with vast military and industrial consequences, British imperialism also entailed the implementation of large-scale cultural programs devoted to strengthening national support among members of the British population; exemplifying a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that aimed to inspire a sense of virility in young men is The Boy Scouts, an organization created by Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell.

(A) exemplifying a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that aimed to inspire
(B) one such program that was designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that, aiming to inspire
(C) an example of such a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and aiming to inspire
(D) exemplifying such a program that, designed to foster a nationalistic spirit and aimed at inspiring
(E) a program exemplifying this, designed for the fostering of a nationalistic spirit and that aimed at the inspiring of

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Official Answer

C

azoz7 · Answer

This question was difficult. Can someone help us in explaining the difference between A and C?

Thanks

sachinsavailable · Answer

Allow me to explain as follows:

a) Exemplifying is modifying the first clause. But due to semicolon , the second clause should be independent hence eliminate.

c) can act as a independent clause.

hence c is chosen over a.

jrk23 · Answer

can someone please explain the answer choices in detail ?

zeyneptuzun · Answer

(C) an example of such a program  designed in order to foster  a nationalistic spirit and  aiming to inspire

I feel like this isn't parallel. Can anyone explain?

mykrasovski · Answer

zeyneptuzun  C is the correction option, and the parts that you highlighted are in parallel. In fact, they are both modifiers. Each of them modifies the noun "program".

You can ask the question "which program?" -> (1) the program (that is) designed to foster a spirit AND (2) the program (that is) aiming to inspire a sense of virility.

Hope it helps.

zeyneptuzun · Answer

Got it! The use of -ed and -ing in the same sentence threw me off.

mykrasovski · Answer

zeyneptuzun just found a nice post by GMATNinja that addresses your concern & the reason that brought you to a wrong answer, have a look at item #4.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/experts-topi ... l#p1848937

prags1989 · Answer

I am confused between B and C.

Can you tell me what is wrong with B ?  Rakesh1987

Rakesh1987 · Answer

Two points to note here:
1) There are two pieces of information given about the program-  designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit  and that  aimed to inspire a sense of virility in young men . Both of these needs to be parallel.
2) an organization created by Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell refers to  The Boy Scouts .

Now coming to answer choice B  one such program that was designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that, aiming to inspire , two problems here:
1) the two descriptions are presented using that clause, however the first that clause has verb  was  whereas the second doesn't. Note:    that, aiming to inspire  is not parallel to  that was designed . ", aiming to inspire" is a participial phrase. Comma+ ing verb makes it a participial modifier, which gives additional info about example but in a non parallel way because "aiming" is not main verb here, "that aimed to provide" would be parallel.   So the second that clause lacks main verb and is not parallel to previous clause  that was designed .

2) As already mentioned ", aiming to inspire" is a participial phrase, or in other words modifier which can be removed from the sentence to see sub verb agreement. Now the sentence becomes
  Along with vast military and industrial consequences, British imperialism also entailed the implementation of large-scale cultural programs devoted to strengthening national support among members of the British population; one such program that was designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that , aiming to inspire a sense of virility in young men is The Boy Scouts,  an organization created by Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell.  
In the above sentence   an organization created by Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell  seems to refer to  one such program  . This changes the meaning of the sentence.

There are your two reasons to eliminate B. Hope it helps

prags1989 · Answer

Rakesh1987  Thank you :D

Rakesh1987 · Answer

jrk23 , prags1989 , In simple words, (A) exemplifying a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that aimed to inspire Wrong because: designed in order to and that aimed to are not parallel, one is past participial clause (designed...) and the other is relative clause (that...) (B) one such program that was designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that, aiming to inspire Wrong because: that was designed and that, aiming to inspire are not parallel. The second that lacks a working verb. (C) an example of such a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and aiming to inspire Correct because: designed and aiming are parallel (D) exemplifying such a program that, designed to foster a nationalistic spirit and aimed at inspiring Wrong because: ", designed to foster a nationalistic spirit and aimed at inspiring" a comma + participle structure is a modifier. Therefore, here that lacks a main verb. (E) a program exemplifying this, designed for the fostering of a nationalistic spirit and that aimed at the inspiring of Wrong because: designed for... and that aimed at are not parallel. Please hit +1 Kudos if you liked the explanation.

Lok2209 · Answer

i am sorry, i dont agree with your explanation.
i think what followed after semicollan is an IC and can you explain how exemplifying is modifying the first clause and what it is modifying?
i think the problem is with parallelism: designed and that aimed are not parallel
please correct me if i am wrong

thanks

Crytiocanalyst · Answer

(A) exemplifying a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that aimed to inspire
and that modifies the spirit where as in fact it should be changing the program hence out

(B) one such program that was designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and that, aiming to inspire
the addition of that after, distorts the meaning therefore out

(C) an example of such a program designed in order to foster a nationalistic spirit and aiming to inspire
The meaning is perfect the tense is absolutely perfect therefore let us hang on to it

(D) exemplifying such a program that, designed to foster a nationalistic spirit and aimed at inspiring
The comma after that is unnecessary which distorts the meaning therefore out

(E) a program exemplifying this, designed for the fostering of a nationalistic spirit and that aimed at the inspiring of
at the inspired is akward usage and unnecessary therefore out

Therfore IMO C

iridescent995 · Answer

C is the best among the worst possible 5 choices.

But how is  designed  parallel to  aiming ?

ExpertsGlobal5 · Answer

Hello  iridescent995 ,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe that we can resolve your doubt.

Here, "designed" is a past participle and "aiming" is a present participle ("verb+ing"), but they are parallel, as both act as noun modifiers on the noun "program". Essentially, they are parallel because they are both adjectives acting on the same noun.

We hope this helps. 
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

iridescent995 · Answer

Hi,

Thanks for your reply.

So does it mean we should not be concerned about the tense of the participle /modifier? Confused here... parallel entities should also agree in tense also right??

My doubt is can  aimed  be a better option here

ExpertsGlobal5 · Answer

Hello  iridescent995 ,

We hope this finds you well.

Multiple actions referring to the same subject can be in different tenses if the sentence is meant to convey that the subject took different actions in different time periods. For example, "He was on time yesterday but is late today."; here, two verbs are joined by a conjunction ("and"), meaning they must be parallel, but "was" is in the simple past because it refers to an action "He" took in the past, and "is" is in the present tense because it refers to an action that "He" is taking in the current time frame. In such cases, the elements are said to be parallel if they are either both active verbs with the same phrase structure or both participles.

Thus, "aimed" is not correct here, as the intended meaning is that the "The Boy Scouts" is currently and continuously aiming to inspire a sense of virility in young men.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

iridescent995 · Answer

Cool. This example helps.

PyjamaScientist · Answer

ExpertsGlobal5 
I was reading your answer (many thanks for it) and a small doubt popped up in my head. 
Your example read, "He was on time yesterday but is late today." Shouldn't it be- "He was on time yesterday, but he is late today." You omitted a comma and didn't repeat the subject for the second clause. Is this correct on GMAT? Can you pls share your thoughts on this?

Along with vast military and industrial consequences, British imperial

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Along with vast military and industrial consequences, British imperial

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