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Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded, and no one who is levelheaded is bold.

Which of the following strictly implied by the above?

A) Everyone who is excessively generous is not bold. - WRONG. "Everyone" is a problem here. It may or may not be so. Case 2 only but 3 possibilities still exists.
B) Everyone who is not bold is excessively generous. - WRONG. Like A, this is also not truly true. Case 2 only but 3 possibilities still exists.
C) No one who is not bold lacks excessive generosity. - WRONG. More info required for this one. Not inferable.
D) If someone is levelheaded, then that person is neither bold nor excessively generous. - CORRECT. POE helps. Also, since B doesn't belong to either of LH and G this is true.
E) If someone who is not levelheaded, then that person is either bold or excessively generous. - WRONG. Totally wrong.

G, LH and B are the sets we have.
G and LH are exclusive of each other AND
LH and B are exclusive of each other.

But possibilities are that
1. B intersects with G partially
2. B and G don't intersect at all
3. B is a part of G
4. G is a part of B

Answer D.
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bb Bunuel
I think the language of the first statement is confusing."Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded,"
I interpreted it as not everyone but some people who is excessively generous is not levelheaded.
it would have been much clear if the sentence would have been written in the following way:
Anyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded
or
No one who is excessively generous is levelheaded
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Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded, and no one who is levelheaded is bold.

Which of the following strictly implied by the above?

Excessively generous people are not levelheaded. Also, anyone who is levelheaded is not bold.

(A) Everyone who is excessively generous is not bold.

Not strictly implied. From “excessively generous implies not levelheaded” you cannot conclude anything definite about boldness.

(B) Everyone who is not bold is excessively generous.

Not implied. “Not bold” could include many people, not just the excessively generous.

(C) No one who is not bold lacks excessive generosity.

Not implied. This is essentially saying “not bold implies excessively generous,” which is not supported.

(D) If someone is levelheaded, then that person is neither bold nor excessively generous.

Strictly implied. From “excessively generous implies not levelheaded,” the contrapositive is: if someone is levelheaded, then they are not excessively generous. Combine that with “if levelheaded, then not bold,” and you get: if levelheaded, then neither bold nor excessively generous.

(E) If someone who is not levelheaded, then that person is either bold or excessively generous.

Not implied. “Not levelheaded” does not force someone to be bold or excessively generous, they could be neither.

Answer: (D)
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kartickdey
bb Bunuel
I think the language of the first statement is confusing."Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded,"
I interpreted it as not everyone but some people who is excessively generous is not levelheaded.
it would have been much clear if the sentence would have been written in the following way:
Anyone who is not excessively generous is not levelheaded
or
No one who is not excessively generous is levelheaded
“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” means: if a person is excessively generous, then that person is not levelheaded. It applies to all excessively generous people, not just some.

Your rephrasings change the meaning:

  1. “Anyone who is not excessively generous is not levelheaded” says not generous implies not levelheaded, which is the opposite direction.
  2. “No one who is not excessively generous is levelheaded” also says not generous implies not levelheaded.

So the original is: excessively generous -> not levelheaded, not “not excessively generous -> not levelheaded.
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sorry ...I mistyped it ....I have corrected it now...now you can clarify my doubt....
guddo

“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” means: if a person is excessively generous, then that person is not levelheaded. It applies to all excessively generous people, not just some.

Your rephrasings change the meaning:

  1. “Anyone who is not excessively generous is not levelheaded” says not generous implies not levelheaded, which is the opposite direction.
  2. “No one who is not excessively generous is levelheaded” also says not generous implies not levelheaded.

So the original is: excessively generous -> not levelheaded, not “not excessively generous -> not levelheaded.
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kartickdey
bb Bunuel
I think the language of the first statement is confusing."Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded,"
I interpreted it as not everyone but some people who is excessively generous is not levelheaded.
it would have been much clear if the sentence would have been written in the following way:
Anyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded
or
No one who is excessively generous is levelheaded
What exactly made you read “everyone” as meaning "some"? Where in that sentence do you see “some,” “many,” or “not all”?

“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” is exactly the same as “Anyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” and “No one who is excessively generous is levelheaded.”

“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” means: for every person, if they are excessively generous, then they are not levelheaded. In other words, there are zero people who are both excessively generous and levelheaded.
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think that there are 100 people who are generous. out of that 100 people there are 50 people who are levelheaded and the rest 50 people are not. In this case also the statement " Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded " will hold true but it is not the fact that no one out of that 100 people is levelheaded.
guddo

What exactly made you read “everyone” as meaning "some"? Where in that sentence do you see “some,” “many,” or “not all”?

“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” is exactly the same as “Anyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” and “No one who is excessively generous is levelheaded.”

“Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded” means: for every person, if they are excessively generous, then they are not levelheaded. In other words, there are zero people who are both excessively generous and levelheaded.
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kartickdey
think that there are 100 people who are generous. out of that 100 people there are 50 people who are levelheaded and the rest 50 people are not. In this case also the statement " Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded " will hold true but it is not the fact that no one out of that 100 people is levelheaded.


I think that you are interpreting the statement incorrectly.

The statement "Everyone who is excessively generous is not levelheaded" means this: the excessively generous people must all be inside the not-level-headed group. In simple terms, there is zero overlap allowed between “excessively generous” and “level-headed.”

So if all 100 people you mention are excessively generous, then none of them can be level-headed. Saying “50 are level-headed” directly contradicts the statement. Your example does not satisfy the condition, it violates it.
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