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Updated on: 17 Dec 2025, 10:57
Originally posted by Swanoff on 17 Dec 2025, 01:07.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 17 Dec 2025, 10:57, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 17 Dec 2025, 10:57, edited 1 time in total.
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
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69% (01:34) correct
31%
(01:53)
wrong
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Red admiral butterflies fly in a highly irregular fashion, constantly varying their speed, wing strokes, and flight path. While predators avoid poisonous butterfly species, nonpoisonous butterflies like the red admiral need to elude predators to survive. Scientists therefore hypothesize that the red admiral’s flight style, which is clearly not energy efficient, evolved as a means of avoiding predators.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the support for the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) No species of poisonous butterfly has an irregular flight style like that of the red admiral.
(B) Attacks from predators are not the most common cause of death for butterflies.
(C) Many other types of butterfly have flight styles similar to that of the red admiral.
(D) It is much more energy efficient for butterflies to fly in an irregular fashion than it is for heavier varieties of insects.
(E) All of the predators that prey on the red admiral also prey on other species of nonpoisonous butterflies.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the support for the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) No species of poisonous butterfly has an irregular flight style like that of the red admiral.
(B) Attacks from predators are not the most common cause of death for butterflies.
(C) Many other types of butterfly have flight styles similar to that of the red admiral.
(D) It is much more energy efficient for butterflies to fly in an irregular fashion than it is for heavier varieties of insects.
(E) All of the predators that prey on the red admiral also prey on other species of nonpoisonous butterflies.
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17 Dec 2025, 02:18
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A seems to be right on the money. It reinforces the scientists' hypothesis on why the red admiral shows this flight style by presenting a situation where without the cause - the butterfly being non poisonous, the effect - irregular flight fashion, does not exist.
Updated on: 17 Dec 2025, 10:57
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 17 Dec 2025, 10:56.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 17 Dec 2025, 10:57, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 17 Dec 2025, 10:57, edited 1 time in total.
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Explanation
Pretty straitforward, we need to strengthen the support for this hypothesis that is, make it more likely that predator avoidance, not something else, explains the irregular flight.
(A) No species of poisonous butterfly has an irregular flight style like that of the red admiral.
If poisonous butterflies don’t need to avoid predators (they already have chemical defense), and none of them have this flight style, that suggests the irregular flight is linked to lack of poison, consistent with it evolving for predator evasion when chemical defense is absent. This strengthens the hypothesis.
(B) Attacks from predators are not the most common cause of death for butterflies.
This weakens or is irrelevant, if predator attacks aren’t the main cause of death, why evolve an extreme flight style just for predator avoidance? This doesn’t strengthen.
(C) Many other types of butterfly have flight styles similar to that of the red admiral.
Doesn’t tell us why they have it, maybe common due to common environment/predators, but also maybe due to other factors unrelated to predator evasion in red admirals specifically. Neutral or slightly weakens uniqueness link to predator avoidance in red admirals.
(D) It is much more energy efficient for butterflies to fly in an irregular fashion than it is for heavier varieties of insects.
This is irrelevant, comparison to heavier insects doesn’t address why red admirals have it relative to predator avoidance.
(E) All of the predators that prey on the red admiral also prey on other species of nonpoisonous butterflies.
This is neutral, doesn’t explain why red admirals have irregular flight but other nonpoisonous butterflies might not (or might). Doesn’t strengthen cause.
Answer: A
Pretty straitforward, we need to strengthen the support for this hypothesis that is, make it more likely that predator avoidance, not something else, explains the irregular flight.
(A) No species of poisonous butterfly has an irregular flight style like that of the red admiral.
If poisonous butterflies don’t need to avoid predators (they already have chemical defense), and none of them have this flight style, that suggests the irregular flight is linked to lack of poison, consistent with it evolving for predator evasion when chemical defense is absent. This strengthens the hypothesis.
(B) Attacks from predators are not the most common cause of death for butterflies.
This weakens or is irrelevant, if predator attacks aren’t the main cause of death, why evolve an extreme flight style just for predator avoidance? This doesn’t strengthen.
(C) Many other types of butterfly have flight styles similar to that of the red admiral.
Doesn’t tell us why they have it, maybe common due to common environment/predators, but also maybe due to other factors unrelated to predator evasion in red admirals specifically. Neutral or slightly weakens uniqueness link to predator avoidance in red admirals.
(D) It is much more energy efficient for butterflies to fly in an irregular fashion than it is for heavier varieties of insects.
This is irrelevant, comparison to heavier insects doesn’t address why red admirals have it relative to predator avoidance.
(E) All of the predators that prey on the red admiral also prey on other species of nonpoisonous butterflies.
This is neutral, doesn’t explain why red admirals have irregular flight but other nonpoisonous butterflies might not (or might). Doesn’t strengthen cause.
Answer: A
