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Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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A-goods traded is irrelevant to the assumption
B-who is more trained what not the matter of concern is irrelevant
C-Preferred local or not is not required by the conclusion
D-Scribes trained or not - Irrelevant
E-Negation - haraza records were not written in haraza this means it was brought form outside- breakes the conclusion-answer





B-
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Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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Here is an explanation on the options for Assumption:

A: What goods were taxes doesn't matter for our assumption. Incorrect

B: Irrelevant. We dont care about who was more trained

C: We dont care about the local customs preference on preserving the writing. Incorrect

D: We dont expect an explicit Identification to show where the sribes were trained. Incorrect

E: The argument assumes the records were produced in Haraza by immigrant scribes, and not pre-made elsewhere.
We can also negate this: if imported finished, no need for foreign scribes locally and this breaks our argument. Correct

Option E
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The correct answer to our argument is statement B
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In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.




Haraza city unearthed with tax records , legal short hand .. which was not taught or used in Haraza region.. several distant ports used it..
researchers conclude that the tax records were produced by scribes who came to Hazara from outside region

Assumption based ; use negation technique and weaken the conclusion

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Not all of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
this does not weaken the conclusion

(B) The port cities’ tax systems were not administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
negating the option does not strongly weaken the conclusion

(C) Haraza’s local government typically did not preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
this is not the case here as its not mentioned in argument

(D) The Haraza archive contains explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
not relevant to argument

(E) The Haraza tax records were not written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

this breaks the conclusion strongly as we can say that shorthand were made else where and later brought to Haraza...

OPTION E is correct
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Tax records in Haraza were written in a specialised shorthand.
This shorthand wasn’t taight pr used locally in harzana, but was common in distant port cities.
Haraza records use teh exact same abbreviations and patterns as the port city records.
Conclusion- The archieve was produced in Haraza by scribes who travelled there from outside teh region.

A. The evidence focuses on the writing style and not on the content......Irrelevant
B. Training levels of officials do not explain the scribe origins or shorthand use.......No
C. Local government preferences are not relevant.......No
D. Teh absence of explicit statements is irrelevant......No
E. Teh tax records were written in haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.....without this, matching shorthand could simply mean documents were produced were produced in distant port cities and transported, which undermine the need for outside scribes to travel to haraza. Negation of this option also destroys the arguement.

E
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E
A. Incorrect
the goods traded are not relevant to who wrote the documents / how they were written
B. Incorrect
more/less training is irrelevant, what matters is if they learned the shorthand
C. Incorrect
the argument does not depend on this statement to work, even without it they can assume the people using the shorthand were outsiders
D. Incorrect
the argument is based on the evidence of the special kind of shorthand used, so it does not depend on explicit evidence that the scribes were outsiders or not
E. Correct
The conclusion of the argument is that the scribes came TO Hazara from some other place. If statement E were not true, the scribes could have written the documents elsewhere and then the documents could have been transported to Haraza
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We need something that suggests scribes from outside region were in Hamza and produced the archive

A - types of good traded is irrelevant
B - more training is irrelevant
C - this kind of strengthen the claim that archives were perhaps produced by scribes not from the region
D - this is irrelevant; rather explains why author is hypothesizing who wrote them
E - this eliminates another reasoning that they were written in Hamza only and not outside. negation breaks the conclusion by suggesting, may the records were imported from outside regions
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In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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Conclusion: Haraza Archive produced by scribes who come to Haraza (H) from the OUTSIDE region.

Evidence:
1. The shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza's region
2. But common in several DISTANT PORT CITIES
3. Same patterns found in those PORT CITIES

Assumption link:
about the distant port cities -> relate with the outside region
Can it be that some merchants from outside regions visit several port cities by selling similar goods? And these merchants bring the same pattern?

So the conclusion would depend on the assumption that: (A) Some of the GOODS listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the DISTANT PORT CITIES.

Why the other choice might be incorrect
B. irrelevant. The conclusion did not argue the official capability comparison
C. irrelevant. The conclusion did not argue how to preserve
D. Trap. no explicit statement where the scribes were trained -> but the statement already mentioned it was neither taught nor used in Haraza's region
E. counterargument with the author's conclusion, which is not written in Haraza. The assumption instead should support the author's conclusion.

Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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A - The goods need not be traded in the port cities for the scribes to travel to the city to act as a scribe

B - we need not bother about the training levels of the officials in comparison and it does not affect the strength of our argument

C - preference of local government may not impact what actually transpired with respect to the tax records in question

D - explicit statement on the training venue of scribes is not required to be assumed in our argument

E - This is our assumption as if the records were written elsewhere and brought, then it is not necessary that scribes had to travel to the Haraza.

Therefore, Option E
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Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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The conclusion is that the records were produced by scribes who came to Hazara. This only follows if the records were actually written in Hazara. If the tax records were brought in from elsewhere, their language tells us nothing about where the scribes were.
Option A: Trade overlaps are irrelevant to who wrote the records.
Option B: Training quality doesn't matter to origin inference.
Option C: Local preference isn't required for the argument to work.
Option D: Lack of explicit statement is neither assumed nor needed.
Option E: PERFECT. Exactly matches our conclusion.

Hence, OPTION E.
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Conclusion - Haraza archives produced by people who were trained out of the region.

A - Talks about goods listed in the tax records and not about those who prepared them. Irrelevant, hence no
B - The statement focuses on the training of people preparing tax records at Haraza and port cities. Irrelevant, hence no
C - States preference for preservation of records. Irrelevant, hence no
D - The script didn't describe the place of training of the scribes. This is the reason why argument had to be made on where the scribes could have been trained. It does not provide the base for the assumption, hence no
E - Records were written in Haraza rather than being brought from elsewhere. For this to be true, the scribes would have had training outside of Haraza and brought the skill to the region from outside. Provides the basis for argument, hence it is the best choice

Therefore, answer would be E
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(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities. Argument is about the linguist used in tax record obtained. Whether those port cities were used by Hazara is irrelevant in respect of the language used in record.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did. The skill or training difference between the regional officers is irrelevant here as concern is about the language used in the tax records.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records. Irrespective of the cause why the tax records are in different language, the fact remains that the language used differ and could have been written by person visiting Haraza.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained. Even if explicit training details of the scribes are available, the probability that these records were written by outsiders hold.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere. Correct. The argument assumes that the records were produced in Haraza & for these scribes visited from other regions. But what if the records were actually produced in those port cities & no one visited Haraza for these records??

Ans E
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Answer E

a) not important
b) not important
c) not important to arguement
d) true but doent support or reject arguement
E) it assume the writter came to the city and not that the records where written in the port and brought back
Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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Option A - It is talking about goods listed in the haraza tax records..we are not talking about goods,we are talking about haraza tax records, scirbes, formats of recording- Wrong

Option B - Same as option A . we are not talking about training level of haraza officials . We are talking about where they are from. Wrong

Option C - Wrong. It is irrelevant. We want to know whether the officials are moved or not. These records are not local

Option D - IMO. wrong..this just felt like just another random fact to the statement and doesnt not contribute to filling the gaps between the premise and conclusion.

Option E - Correct. If we negate this , we can believe it as the tax records were not even from haraza.it might have been writtten in some other port city and brought it here or even it may belong to some other city..hence the conclusion falls. correct answer
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Main Point: Archive was produced by scribes from outside the region.

Basis: (1) The shorthand found in Hazara's excavation is not taught or used in Hazara's region.
(2) Same abbreviations and sentence pattern found in port cities, where the shorthand in common.

Logic: Since the shorthand is not taught or used within a region, it must be produced via scribes from outside the region.

Gaps: (1) Is that the only way? (2) Can the tax records be written outside and later on moved to Hazara reqion?

(A), (B), (C), (D) - Irrelevant
(E) This directly fills a gap in the argument.
Hence (E) is the assumption
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Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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Going through sentence by sentence:
S1: Tax records found in Haraza using legal shorthand.
S2&3: This shorthand wasn't used in Haraza at the time, but it matches what was used in distant port cities.
S4: Conclusion - the scribes who wrote the Haraza archives weren't from Haraza.

Stem wants to find the assumption - whichever option that the argument relies on, and without the argument would not function.

Option A: Even if goods were traded in other port cities, it doesn't explain why Haraza used that shorthand. Eliminate.
Option B: Officials having more training doesn't explain the shorthand. Eliminate.
Option C: If this were the case, then the records wouldn't be in that shorthand at all. Eliminate.
Option D: Where the scribes were trained doesn't explain the shorthand still. Eliminate.
Option E: If the records were shipped in from elsewhere, then it makes the argument invalid altogether. This is the assumption.

Therefore E is the answer.
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conclusion= archive was likely produced by scribes coming from outside
reason- found tax records written in legal shorthand.
shorthand was neither taught nor used in haraza.
record had same abbreviation and sentence pattrers as tax records from other cities.

a= goods being traded is irrelevant
b= wrong comparison between admsn
c= preserving something doesnt gurantee
E is saying that they did not bring it from outside but rather wrote in in their place. but if we negate it then it says they were brought from outside and conclusion break down


Bunuel
In a recently excavated administrative archive unearthed beneath Haraza’s main city complex, researchers found dozens of tax records written in a highly specialized legal shorthand. Linguists note that during the period when the archive was produced, this shorthand was neither taught nor used in Haraza’s region, though it was common in several distant port cities. Further, the Haraza records employ the same abbreviations and sentence patterns found in tax records from those port cities. The researchers therefore conclude that the Haraza archive was most likely produced by scribes who came to Haraza from outside the region.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Some of the goods listed in the Haraza tax records were also traded through the distant port cities.
(B) The port cities’ tax systems were administered by officials who had more training than Haraza’s officials did.
(C) Haraza’s local government typically preferred to preserve local writing customs in official records.
(D) The Haraza archive contains no explicit statement identifying where the scribes were trained.
(E) The Haraza tax records were written in Haraza rather than brought in from elsewhere.

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