Two cargo ships, Ship Alpha and Ship Beta, transport goods along a 400-nautical-mile channel. Ship Alpha makes the journey in k hours. Ship Beta makes the same journey in (k - 2.5) hours.
Distance of channel = 499 nautical miles
Time taken by Ship Alpha to make the journey = k hours
Time taken by Ship Beta to make the journey= (k-2.5) hours
Ship beta takes 2.5 hours less than ship alpha to cover the same distance, hence ship beta's average speed is faster than ship alpha's average speed.
Time taken by either ship to cover the 400 nautical miles Distance = 400/Speed
From the options given in the table we will try different values of speeds and see which time values have a difference of 2.5 hours, the faster speed will be ship beta and slower speed will be ship alpha.
Ship Alpha = 400/32= 12.5 hours
Ship Beta = 400/40 = 10 hours
The time difference between these two choices is exactly 2.5 hours. Hence, ship alpha average speed is 32 nautical miles per hour and ship beta speed is 40 nautical miles per hour.