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This is a tough one for me...

[C] Sarah is not a concert pianist for a major orchestra

[P] Because she is not famous

[P] And all major concert pianists are famous

We know that "Sarah is not famous" is a given premise, so any answer choice that contradicts this are incorrect. Eliminate A / E.

Sarah could play other instruments, or play piano in a rock band, but both cases supports the [C] that she is not a concert pianist in a major orchestra - in fact, these points supports the [C]. Eliminate B / C

D is correct, because not being famous == not a concert pianist in a major orchestra != not a concert pianist. Sarah could still be a concert pianist, but in a different setting (eg minor orchestra).

---

It's good to note here that this question assumes that you know a concert pianist is a classical pianist, not just one that performs concerts.

Even if you did not know this fact, D answers the question in a more direct manner compared to E.

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If Sarah = concert pianist for major orchestra
Sarah = famous

Sarah =/= famous,
therefore, sarah =/= concert pianist

From here it can be implied that sarah being a concert pianist is the necessary condition for author to conclude that sarah is famous.

A. Sarah could be a famous actress. (Passage already says Sarah is not famous.)
B. Sarah could be a harpist for a major orchestra. (Uncertain/irrelevant to necessary condition of author)
C. Sarah could be a pianist with a rock group. (Also uncertain/irrelevant to necessary condition of author)
D. Sarah could be a concert pianist with a minor orchestra. (Most possible since sarah could still be a concert pianist but with a different orchestra)
E. Sarah could be famous for another reason. (Same with A. Passage already says Sarah is not famous.)
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If Sarah were a concert pianist for a major orchestra, she would be famous. She is not a concert pianist since she is not famous.

The conclusion above is unsound because the author does not consider that

(A) Sarah could be a famous actress. - WRONG. Two things are wrong in this one - famous and actress. Latter being irrelevant and former being absolute opposite to the conclusion's fact.

(B) Sarah could be a harpist for a major orchestra. - WRONG. Like C, this also proves that Conclusion is right not wrong that Sarah is not a CP.

(C) Sarah could be a pianist with a rock group. - WRONG. Proves that conclusion is right about Sarah not being a CP. Need to find weakener.

(D) Sarah could be a concert pianist with a minor orchestra. - CORRECT. She can be a CP but for a minor orchestra.

(E) Sarah could be famous for another reason. - WRONG. Reasoning is wrong for something not for facts and here fact is she is not famous.

Sarah CP ----> Sarah F
Conclusion:
Sarah not F ----> Sarah not CP

The catch, however, is that CP is for major orchestra.

Answer D.
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