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Question 1
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (02:51) correct
30%
(02:48) wrong
based on 547
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
49% (01:57) correct 51%
(01:49) wrong
based on 504
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Under the model of natural selection, within populations that are undergoing some sort of environmental pressure, individuals with traits that confer them some sort of advantage are more likely to grow to reproductive age and have offspring. Over many generations, these advantageous traits will become more common as individuals with those traits continue to be more likely to reproduce. However, researchers quickly understood that natural selection did not perfectly describe all effects of evolution. If it did, then why do some populations have high percentages of genetic diseases that seemingly impair reproductive success exist within a species?
One answer presented itself in genetic drift, a phenomenon that arises from the way probability works in small sample sizes. If a fair coin were flipped one million times, roughly half of the results would be heads and roughly half would be tails. However, if that same coin were to be flipped twice, it would not be uncommon to get two tails or two heads. Similarly, in very small populations it is possible for traits that may be less useful to “drift” to greater prominence – or even fixation – within a population. For small populations, the laws of probability exhibit a stronger influence over evolution than the pressures of natural selection, although natural selection is still a factor. So while a genetic disease that causes major problems in one out of every five carriers may rise in frequency in small populations due to drift, a genetic disease that kills every carrier before they get to reproductive maturity will not.
One answer presented itself in genetic drift, a phenomenon that arises from the way probability works in small sample sizes. If a fair coin were flipped one million times, roughly half of the results would be heads and roughly half would be tails. However, if that same coin were to be flipped twice, it would not be uncommon to get two tails or two heads. Similarly, in very small populations it is possible for traits that may be less useful to “drift” to greater prominence – or even fixation – within a population. For small populations, the laws of probability exhibit a stronger influence over evolution than the pressures of natural selection, although natural selection is still a factor. So while a genetic disease that causes major problems in one out of every five carriers may rise in frequency in small populations due to drift, a genetic disease that kills every carrier before they get to reproductive maturity will not.
1. Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?
A. A model is introduced and an apparent paradox is noted and then explained using a complementary model.
B. A theory is presented and then discarded in the face of new evidence before a replacement theory is discussed.
C. A standard theory is introduced and then rejected in the face of a new interpretation of an existing phenomenon.
D. A flawed model is explained and then is improved upon before it is rejected as invalid.
E. A theory is analyzed and then an example is given to show the inherent flaws in the theory’s conclusions.
A. A model is introduced and an apparent paradox is noted and then explained using a complementary model.
B. A theory is presented and then discarded in the face of new evidence before a replacement theory is discussed.
C. A standard theory is introduced and then rejected in the face of a new interpretation of an existing phenomenon.
D. A flawed model is explained and then is improved upon before it is rejected as invalid.
E. A theory is analyzed and then an example is given to show the inherent flaws in the theory’s conclusions.
2. Which of the following best describes the relationship between natural selection and genetic drift?
A. Natural selection is a theory that acts only on very large populations, while genetic drift is a phenomenon that only occurs in very small populations.
B. Natural selection describes the change in the traits of a population over time, while genetic drift only deals with the effects of probability on whether traits become fixed within a population.
C. Natural selection deals with the change in a population's traits due to external forces, while genetic drift is explains a phenomenon that occurs in small populations alongside natural selection.
D. Natural selection is a theory that describes the effects of the environment on the characteristics of any size population, while genetic drift describes the effect of chance on the genes within a large population.
E. Natural selection is a theory that explains changes in population characteristics over time, while genetic drift is a phenomenon that affects how natural selection occurs in small populations.
A. Natural selection is a theory that acts only on very large populations, while genetic drift is a phenomenon that only occurs in very small populations.
B. Natural selection describes the change in the traits of a population over time, while genetic drift only deals with the effects of probability on whether traits become fixed within a population.
C. Natural selection deals with the change in a population's traits due to external forces, while genetic drift is explains a phenomenon that occurs in small populations alongside natural selection.
D. Natural selection is a theory that describes the effects of the environment on the characteristics of any size population, while genetic drift describes the effect of chance on the genes within a large population.
E. Natural selection is a theory that explains changes in population characteristics over time, while genetic drift is a phenomenon that affects how natural selection occurs in small populations.
RC Butler 2021 - Practice 2 RCs Daily.
Passage # 25 Date: 19-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
Passage # 25 Date: 19-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
Hello Everyone! I found this question from Veritas Prep. online question bank, If someone have more question(s) related to this RC please post them in the reply of this question I will add them. Thank you!
