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Question 1
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
77% (02:41) correct
23%
(02:16) wrong
based on 199
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (00:56) correct 31%
(01:30) wrong
based on 197
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
68% (01:15) correct 32%
(01:42) wrong
based on 204
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
48% (01:41) correct 52%
(01:19) wrong
based on 193
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Until now, efforts at preventing the proliferation of bioweapons have relied on limiting access to the pathogens themselves. However, if terrorists can produce a bioweapon from genome information alone, the same logic suggests that access to genetic information should also be restricted. Scientists have begun to discuss the restriction of the export of critical pieces of DNA. This measure could be extended to the three big genome databases.
Scientists have long been aware of the potential dangers. The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus. Nevertheless, most scientists still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information. Earlier this year, the US Department of Defense dropped proposals for checking any research it funds for "sensitive" information before it is published, after scientists protested that this would impede research needed to defend against bioweapons.
This was the case with anthrax. Unlike some other potential bioweapons, anthrax still exists in nature, infecting animals and sometimes humans, and samples are held in many labs worldwide. There is no reason for a terrorist to try to recreate it. The same is not true of Ebola, smallpox or the 1918 flu virus. Even so, when the American Society for Microbiology considered whether it should publish the smallpox genome, it reasoned that the benefits in terms of understanding the virus and designing drugs outweighed the risks.
Not all scientists share such views. Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California thinks some limits should be placed on the publication of information on organisms such as smallpox. Zilinskas contends that most scientists feel that basic research should not be restricted in this fashion. But where does one cross the line? He and others have proposed that professional societies and editorial boards at scientific journals should exert more control.
Even if they do not, the decision could be taken out of their hands. In addition to international measures, individual governments are also cracking down. The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins. The US could extend this to cover access to genetic sequences as well.
Scientists have long been aware of the potential dangers. The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus. Nevertheless, most scientists still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information. Earlier this year, the US Department of Defense dropped proposals for checking any research it funds for "sensitive" information before it is published, after scientists protested that this would impede research needed to defend against bioweapons.
This was the case with anthrax. Unlike some other potential bioweapons, anthrax still exists in nature, infecting animals and sometimes humans, and samples are held in many labs worldwide. There is no reason for a terrorist to try to recreate it. The same is not true of Ebola, smallpox or the 1918 flu virus. Even so, when the American Society for Microbiology considered whether it should publish the smallpox genome, it reasoned that the benefits in terms of understanding the virus and designing drugs outweighed the risks.
Not all scientists share such views. Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California thinks some limits should be placed on the publication of information on organisms such as smallpox. Zilinskas contends that most scientists feel that basic research should not be restricted in this fashion. But where does one cross the line? He and others have proposed that professional societies and editorial boards at scientific journals should exert more control.
Even if they do not, the decision could be taken out of their hands. In addition to international measures, individual governments are also cracking down. The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins. The US could extend this to cover access to genetic sequences as well.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) detailing the evidence that supports the claim that genetic information should be restricted
(B) outlining the factors that have contributed to the restriction of genetic information
(C) evaluating whether sensitive genetic information should be restricted in light of the danger of bioterrorism.
(D) summarizing the differences between genetic research in free countries and such research in countries that promote terrorism.
(E) formulating a hypothesis about the proliferation of bioweapons.
(A) detailing the evidence that supports the claim that genetic information should be restricted
(B) outlining the factors that have contributed to the restriction of genetic information
(C) evaluating whether sensitive genetic information should be restricted in light of the danger of bioterrorism.
(D) summarizing the differences between genetic research in free countries and such research in countries that promote terrorism.
(E) formulating a hypothesis about the proliferation of bioweapons.
2. Terrorists would be unlikely to try to steal genetic information about anthrax because
(A) it is difficult to control and could therefore be a threat to the terrorists themselves.
(B) they do not have the necessary know-how to utilize genetic information to build anthrax powder
(C) actual anthrax is not only available in nature, but also in laboratories.
(D) the American Society for Microbiology has limited the dissemination of genetic information on anthrax.
(E) the American Society for Microbiology has published genetic information on anthrax.
(A) it is difficult to control and could therefore be a threat to the terrorists themselves.
(B) they do not have the necessary know-how to utilize genetic information to build anthrax powder
(C) actual anthrax is not only available in nature, but also in laboratories.
(D) the American Society for Microbiology has limited the dissemination of genetic information on anthrax.
(E) the American Society for Microbiology has published genetic information on anthrax.
3. All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT:
(A) the smallpox genome has been published by the American Society for Microbiology
(B) federal government has stopped some foreign nationals from accessing to certain toxins
(C) Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute believes the anthrax genome should not be published
(D) Most scientists oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
(E) it would not be difficult for a bioterrorist to build an artificial polio virus
(A) the smallpox genome has been published by the American Society for Microbiology
(B) federal government has stopped some foreign nationals from accessing to certain toxins
(C) Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute believes the anthrax genome should not be published
(D) Most scientists oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
(E) it would not be difficult for a bioterrorist to build an artificial polio virus
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true?
(A) The USA Patriot Act will eventually stop all foreign workers from access to genomes.
(B) It is not known whether or not bioterrorists have to skill to produce an actual bioweapon from genome information alone.
(C) The Ebola virus affects animals.
(D) According to Nature Immunology magazine, some terrorists have built an artificial polio virus
(E) The three big genome databases have restricted of the export of critical pieces of DNA.
(A) The USA Patriot Act will eventually stop all foreign workers from access to genomes.
(B) It is not known whether or not bioterrorists have to skill to produce an actual bioweapon from genome information alone.
(C) The Ebola virus affects animals.
(D) According to Nature Immunology magazine, some terrorists have built an artificial polio virus
(E) The three big genome databases have restricted of the export of critical pieces of DNA.
RC Butler 2022 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 28 Date: 18-Jan-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
Passage # 28 Date: 18-Jan-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
Source: Reading Comprehension Practice (Docs)
19 Jan 2022, 09:49
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Paraphrasing:
Para 1: Increasing threat of bioweapons
Para 2: Scientist still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
Para 3: Bioweapon “Anthrax” still exist in nature and publication about Ebola benefits outweighed the risks
Para 4: Raymond Zilinskas and others have proposed that professional societies and editorial boards at scientific journals should exert more control.
Para 5: The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government
to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins.
The US could extend this to cover access to genetic sequences as well.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) detailing the evidence that supports the claim that genetic information should be restricted
Wrong: Passage does not mention any claims that support genetic information should be restricted
(B) outlining the factors that have contributed to the restriction of genetic information
Wrong: Passage does not highlight any factors contributing to restriction of genetic information
(C) evaluating whether sensitive genetic information should be restricted in light of the danger of bioterrorism.
Correct:
Para 1: introduction to bioweapon, and its harmful effect
Para 2: scientist view on sensitive genetic information restricted access, hazardous if reach to terrorism
Para 3: Example with - Anthrax and Ebola
Para 4: some scientist different view, propose for partial access helpful to mankind
Para 5: USA Patriot Act extended access can be more helpful
(D) summarizing the differences between
genetic research in free countries and
such research in countries that promote terrorism.
Wrong: Passage does not mention any of the information between any countries – Out of scope
(E) formulating a hypothesis about the proliferation of bioweapons.
Wrong: Passage does not mention any formulating hypothesis about proliferation of bioweapons – Out of scope
2. Terrorists would be unlikely to try to steal genetic information about anthrax because
(A) it is difficult to control and could therefore be a threat to the terrorists themselves.
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(B) they do not have the necessary know-how to utilize genetic information to build anthrax powder
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(C) actual anthrax is not only available in nature, but also in laboratories.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “Unlike some other potential bioweapons, anthrax still exists in nature, infecting animals and sometimes humans, and samples are held in many labs worldwide. There is no reason for a terrorist to try to recreate it.”
(D) the American Society for Microbiology has limited the dissemination of genetic information on anthrax.
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(E) the American Society for Microbiology has published genetic information on anthrax
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
3. All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT:
(A) the smallpox genome has been published by the American Society for Microbiology
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “when the American Society for Microbiology considered whether it should publish the smallpox genome, it reasoned that the benefits in terms of understanding the virus and designing drugs outweighed the risks.”
(B) federal government has stopped some foreign nationals from accessing to certain toxins
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins”
(C) Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute believes the anthrax genome should not be published
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, “Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California thinks some limits should be placed on the publication of information on organisms such as smallpox”
(D) Most scientists oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “Nevertheless, most scientists still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information.”
(E) it would not be difficult for a bioterrorist to build an artificial polio virus
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus”
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true?
(A) The USA Patriot Act will eventually stop all foreign workers from access to genomes.
Wrong: cannot be 100% true, because it has been launched recently, any modification in future, no such information is mentioned in the passage.
(B) It is not known whether or not bioterrorists have to skill to produce an actual bioweapon from genome information alone.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage,
“Until now, efforts at preventing the proliferation of bioweapons
have relied on limiting access to the pathogens themselves.
However, if terrorists can produce a bioweapon from genome information alone,
the same logic suggests that access to genetic information should also be restricted”
(C) The Ebola virus affects animals.
Wrong: No 100% information mentioned in the passage to infer this information.
(D) According to Nature Immunology magazine, some terrorists have built an artificial polio virus
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“Scientists have long been aware of the potential dangers.
The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in
an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that
it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus.” Not built only mentioned, as it is possible to build it.
(E) The three big genome databases have restricted of the export of critical pieces of DNA
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, it is could be extended,
“Scientists have begun to discuss the restriction of the export of critical pieces of DNA.
This measure could be extended to the three big genome databases”
Para 1: Increasing threat of bioweapons
Para 2: Scientist still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
Para 3: Bioweapon “Anthrax” still exist in nature and publication about Ebola benefits outweighed the risks
Para 4: Raymond Zilinskas and others have proposed that professional societies and editorial boards at scientific journals should exert more control.
Para 5: The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government
to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins.
The US could extend this to cover access to genetic sequences as well.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) detailing the evidence that supports the claim that genetic information should be restricted
Wrong: Passage does not mention any claims that support genetic information should be restricted
(B) outlining the factors that have contributed to the restriction of genetic information
Wrong: Passage does not highlight any factors contributing to restriction of genetic information
(C) evaluating whether sensitive genetic information should be restricted in light of the danger of bioterrorism.
Correct:
Para 1: introduction to bioweapon, and its harmful effect
Para 2: scientist view on sensitive genetic information restricted access, hazardous if reach to terrorism
Para 3: Example with - Anthrax and Ebola
Para 4: some scientist different view, propose for partial access helpful to mankind
Para 5: USA Patriot Act extended access can be more helpful
(D) summarizing the differences between
genetic research in free countries and
such research in countries that promote terrorism.
Wrong: Passage does not mention any of the information between any countries – Out of scope
(E) formulating a hypothesis about the proliferation of bioweapons.
Wrong: Passage does not mention any formulating hypothesis about proliferation of bioweapons – Out of scope
2. Terrorists would be unlikely to try to steal genetic information about anthrax because
(A) it is difficult to control and could therefore be a threat to the terrorists themselves.
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(B) they do not have the necessary know-how to utilize genetic information to build anthrax powder
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(C) actual anthrax is not only available in nature, but also in laboratories.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “Unlike some other potential bioweapons, anthrax still exists in nature, infecting animals and sometimes humans, and samples are held in many labs worldwide. There is no reason for a terrorist to try to recreate it.”
(D) the American Society for Microbiology has limited the dissemination of genetic information on anthrax.
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
(E) the American Society for Microbiology has published genetic information on anthrax
Wrong: out of scope, this information is not available in the passage
3. All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT:
(A) the smallpox genome has been published by the American Society for Microbiology
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “when the American Society for Microbiology considered whether it should publish the smallpox genome, it reasoned that the benefits in terms of understanding the virus and designing drugs outweighed the risks.”
(B) federal government has stopped some foreign nationals from accessing to certain toxins
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “The USA Patriot Act passed this year allows the federal government to stop some foreign nationals working in the US from getting access to certain pathogens and toxins”
(C) Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute believes the anthrax genome should not be published
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, “Raymond Zilinskas of the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California thinks some limits should be placed on the publication of information on organisms such as smallpox”
(D) Most scientists oppose any attempts to restrict access to information
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “Nevertheless, most scientists still oppose any attempts to restrict access to information.”
(E) it would not be difficult for a bioterrorist to build an artificial polio virus
Correct: as mentioned in the passage, “The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus”
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true?
(A) The USA Patriot Act will eventually stop all foreign workers from access to genomes.
Wrong: cannot be 100% true, because it has been launched recently, any modification in future, no such information is mentioned in the passage.
(B) It is not known whether or not bioterrorists have to skill to produce an actual bioweapon from genome information alone.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage,
“Until now, efforts at preventing the proliferation of bioweapons
have relied on limiting access to the pathogens themselves.
However, if terrorists can produce a bioweapon from genome information alone,
the same logic suggests that access to genetic information should also be restricted”
(C) The Ebola virus affects animals.
Wrong: No 100% information mentioned in the passage to infer this information.
(D) According to Nature Immunology magazine, some terrorists have built an artificial polio virus
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“Scientists have long been aware of the potential dangers.
The creation of polio, for instance, was forecast months ago in
an essay in Nature Immunology pointing out that
it would be simple to build an artificial polio virus.” Not built only mentioned, as it is possible to build it.
(E) The three big genome databases have restricted of the export of critical pieces of DNA
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, it is could be extended,
“Scientists have begun to discuss the restriction of the export of critical pieces of DNA.
This measure could be extended to the three big genome databases”
