Official Solution:
Modern optical telescopes can detect stars at great distances; however, they cannot detect black holes, because light particles are unable to escape from them because of their strong gravitational fields, making them invisible to the telescopes.
A. however, they cannot detect black holes, because light particles are unable to escape from them because of their strong gravitational fields, making them
B. black holes, however, are undetectable to these telescopes, because their gravitational fields are so strong that light particles are unable to escape from them, making them
C. however, these telescopes cannot detect black holes, because light particles are unable to escape from them due to their strong gravitational fields and thus
D. these telescopes, however, cannot detect black holes, because light particles are unable to escape from them due to their strong gravitational fields and making them
E. they, however, cannot detect black holes, because their gravitational fields are so strong that light particles are unable to escape from them, making them
A. The pronoun “they” refers to telescopes whereas the pronouns “them” and “their” refers to Black holes. Such usage is grammatically wrong - in a sentence all they / them / their must refer to the same antecedent.
B. Correct. The pronouns “them” and “their” both refer to “black holes”. Moreover the pronoun “them” and “their” are not ambiguous: “them” cannot refer to “light particles” because of the part “light particles are unable to escape from them” and “them” cannot refer to “telescopes” either because of the part “making them invisible to the telescopes”. Thus the only sensible antecedent for “them” (and hence for “their”) is “black holes”.
C. The phrase “due to” must be used with a noun, not a verb. Here it is wrongly used with the verb “are (unable to escape)” - in such situations “because of” must be used instead.
The construction implies that the light particles are invisible to the telescopes, whereas the correct implication is that the black holes are invisible to the telescopes.
D. The phrase “due to” must be used with a noun, not a verb. Here it is wrongly used with the verb “are (unable to escape)” - in such situations “because of” must be used instead.
A verb “are” is wrongly used in parallel to a participle “making”.
E. The pronoun “they” refers to telescopes whereas the pronouns “them” and “their” refer to Black holes. Such usage is grammatically wrong - in a sentence all they / them / their must refer to the same antecedent.
Answer: B