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1. Correct Choice C: The phrase accurate information regarding the amount of distortion in microwave background radiation in the answer choice is an accurate paraphrase of the sentence in the third paragraph, which states that measurements of distortions in the microwave background radiation would provide the best tests of the new model.

2. Correct Choice A: The first paragraph defines phase transition, and the subsequent paragraphs describe the late phase transition hypothesis and mention a possible test that could affect the hypothesis.

3. Correct Choice B: By stating that alternative theories in which phase transitions happened earlier have difficulty explaining how fluctuations can grow to become seeds for galaxy formation without distorting the microwave background radiation to a greater extent than has been observed, the author demonstrates that these alternative theories are less likely to be correct.
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To answer question #4 correctly one needs to have understanding of first paragraph and then second paragraph, Only second paragraph might not help to answer the question and without reading the second paragraph the correct answer is not possible. What second paragraph says:

The idea of a late phase transition is appealing because such a change would have occurred after energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, or of photons, stabilized. This means a late phase transition would have had practically no effect on the microwave background radiation, which pervades the universe and appears uniform in every direction.

Let's have a look at the answer choices.

A) affected the time of the phase transition more than was previously thought

The above text in Red is trying to make this choices unnecessarily extreme.

B) are consistent with the uniformity of microwave background radiation

This is correct!

C) were responsible for the origins of fluctuations on a cosmological scale.

True but not true for the question specifically. We have no knowledge about the origins of fluctuations. This option slightly deviates and becomes out of the scope.

D) occurred over a million years after the Big Bang, rather than in the first nanosecond of the universe's life

Out of scope as we don't have any idea the number of years.

E) caused more severe distortion in the microwave background radiation than have been detected to this point.

Extreme language has been used which we don't have any idea about.

Answer: B
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Adambhau
can anyone explain questions 4, 5, and 6. Thanks!
Question #5 is a really good question to gauge your level of readiness in the RC section in the GMAT. First concentrate on the question.

5) Which of the following is one of the principles put forth by the analogy of the ice cubes used in bold lines in First Paragraph?

Now read the analogy being discussed in the question.

When water freezes to form an ice cube, for example, parts often freeze at slightly different rates to form regions of ice, seen as fractured lines and planes that do not quite mesh.

A, D and E are easy eliminations, D is wrong because of the use of "internal imperfections" as it makes the choice we limited in scope and hence extreme.

B is very tricky because the use of "different rates". I guess everyone selected this option just because they read something familiar and that is the "different rates".

B) In the years after our galaxy was formed, regions in space formed at different rates.

A one word makes the choice a trash and that is the word "after". Once the galaxy is formed who cares then? we are concerned about the formation of the galaxy and not the formation of regions within the galaxy.

Answer: C
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6) It can be inferred from the passage that all models for generating fluctuations on a cosmological scale maintain that the fabric of space

First this is an inference question and chances are very high to get the wrong answer by selecting a choice which is using some familiar words from the passage. In majority of the cases the correct answer isn't explicitly written in the passage for inference questions. A copy/paste from the passage in the answer choice is almost always a trap and is wring.

Reading the first-half of the first paragraph is helpful to answer this question.

Certain theorists believe that some time after the Big Bang, fluctuations in the flow of matter and energy constituted seeds for galaxy formation. All models for generating fluctuations on a cosmological scale require a phase transition--a change in the fabric of space to produce lumps and ripples in the distribution of matter.

Answer choices A, B and D are nowhere near and E is a trap answer for the reason discussed above and hence C is the true.

Selecting an answer choice just because it is discussed in the passage is very wrong approach for the inference questions. E is a fact which is discussed in the passage but its connection with the question is very weak.

Answer: C
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Sajjad1994

Hi can you please explain Q3 option C?
Why cannot be option C be an answer?

Thanks
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dabaobao
Sajjad1994

Hi can you please explain Q3 option C?
Why cannot be option C be an answer?

Thanks

Alternative theories in which phase transitions happened earlier have difficulty explaining how fluctuations can grow to become seeds for galaxy formation without distorting the microwave background radiation to a greater extent than has been observed

So it is true the flip side of the story IF X happens earlier we do have difficulties. If NOT happens wed o not have . So

information about uniformity of microwave background radiation in order to

are used to show B

C is NOT mentioned specifically a late phase

regards
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