According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyege

Question

New Project RC Butler 2019  -  Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday   
Passage # 465, Date: 21-Nov-2019
 This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019 .  Click here for Details

According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyegeia, who gave rise to dynasties of healers and hygienists. The schism remains today, in clinical training and in practice; and because of the imperative nature of medical care and the subtlety of health care, the former has tended to dominate. Preventive medicine has as its primary objective the maintenance and promotion of health. It accomplishes this by controlling or manipulating environmental factors that affect health and disease. For example, in Califorina presently there is serious suffering and substantial economic loss because of the failure to introduce controlled fluoridation of public water supplies. Additionally, preventive medicine applies prophylacitc measures against disease by such actions as immunization and specific nutritional measures. Third, it attempts to motivate people to adopt healthful life-styles through education.
 
For the most part, curative medicine has as its primary objective the removal of disease from the patient. It provides diagnostic techniques to identify the presence and nature of the disease process. While these may be applied on a mass basis in an attempt to "screen" out persons with preclinical disease, they are usually applied after the patient appears with a complaint. Second, it applies treatment to the sick patient. In every case, this is, or should be, individualized according to the particular need of each patient. Third, it utilizes rehabilitation methodologies to return the treated patient to the best possible level of functioning.
 
While it is true that both preventive medicine and curative medicine require cadres of similarly trained personnel such as planners, administrators, and educators, the underlying delivery systems depend on quite distinctive professional personnel. The requirements for curative medicine call for clinically trained individuals who deal with patients on a one-to-one basis and whose training is based primarily on an understanding of the biological, pathological, and psychological processes that determine an individual's health and disease status. The locus for this training is the laboratory and clinic. Preventive medicine, on the other hand, calls for a very broad of professional personnel, few of whom require clinical expertise. Since their actions apply either to environmental situations or to population groups, their training takes place in a different type of laboratory or in a community not necessarily associated with the clinical locus.
 
The economic differences between preventive medicine and curative medicine have been extesively descussed, perhaps  most convincingly by Winslow in the monograph. The Cost of Sickness and the Price of Health_. The sickness is almost always a negative, nonproductive and harmful state.  All resources expended to deal with sickness are therefore fundamentally economically unproductive. Health, on the other hand, has a very high value in our culture. To the extent that healthy members of the population are replaced by sick members, the economy is  doubly burdened . Neveretheless, the per capita cost of preventive measures for specific diseases is generally far lower than the per capita cost of curative medicine applied to treatment of the same disease. Prominent examples are dental caries, poliomyelitis and phenylketonuria.
 
There is an imperative need to provide care for the sick person within a single medical care system, but there is no overriding reason why a linkage is necessary between the two components of a health care system, prevention and treatment. A natioanl health and medical care program composed of semiautonomous systems for personal health care and medical care would have the advantage of clarifying objectives and strategies and of permitting a more equitable division of resources between prevention and cure.    1  
 B 
 1. The author’s primary concern is to

(A) refute a counterargument
(B) draw a distinction
(C) discuss a dilemma
(D) isolate causes
(E) describe new research

2  
 E 
 2. The author mentions which of the following as differences between curative and preventive medicine?

I.  Curative medicine is aimed primarily at people who are already ill, whereas preventive medicine is aimed at healthy people.
 II.  Curative medicine is focused on an individual patient, whereas preventive medicine is applied to larger populations.
 III.  The per capita cost of curative medicine is generally much higher than the per capita cost of preventive medicine.

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

3  
 B 
 3. It can be inferred that the author regards a program of controlled fluoridation of public water supplies as

(A) an unnecessary government program that wastes economic resources
(B) a potentially valuable strategy of preventive medicine
(C) a government policy that has relatively little effect on the health of a population
(D) an important element of curative medicine
(E) an experimental program the health value of which has not been proved

4  
 A 
 4. Which of the following best explains the author’s use of the phrase “doubly burdened” ( Highlighted )?

(A) A person who is ill not only does not contribute to production; treatment consumes economic resources.
(B) The per capita cost of preventive measures is only one-half of the per capita cost of treatment.
(C) The division between preventive medicine and curative medicine requires duplication of administrative expenses.
(D) The individual who is ill must be rehabilitated after the cure has been successful.
(E) The person who is ill uses economic resources that could be used to finance prevention rather than treatment programs

5  
 C 
 5. It can be inferred that the author regards Winslow’s monograph ( Text in Red ) as

(A) ill-conceived
(B) incomplete
(C) authoritative
(D) well organized
(E) highly original

6  
 D 
 6. The author cites dental caries, poliomyelitis, and phenylketonuria in order to prove that

(A) some diseases can be treated by preventive medicine
(B) some diseases have serious consequences if not treated
(C) preventive medicine need not be linked to treatment
(D) the cost of preventing some diseases is less than the cost for treatment
(E) less money is allocated to prevention of some diseases than to treating them

7  
 A 
 7. The main reason the author advocates separating authority for preventive medicine from that for curative medicine is

(A) the urgency of treatment encourages administrators to devote more resources to treatment than to prevention
(B) the cost of treating a disease is often much greater than the cost of programs to prevent the disease
(C) the professionals who administer preventive health care programs must be more highly trained than ordinary doctors
(D) curative medicine deals primarily with individuals who are ill, whereas preventive medicine is applied to healthy people
(E) preventive medicine is a relatively recent development, whereas curative medicine has a long history

Source:  Master GMAT 
Difficulty Level:   650

Changrayy · Answer

Can someone explain me Q5? i thought it was well organised

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official Explanation

5. It can be inferred that the author regards Winslow’s monograph (Text in Red) as

Difficulty Level:   Hard

Explanation

This is an attitude, or tone, question. Two clues support  answer choice (C).  First, the author refers to the monograph and then continues to make points made by Winslow. This indicates that the author agrees with Winslow. Second the author refers to the analysis by Winslow as  “convincing.”

(A) and (B)  can be eliminated because of the negative connotations associated with both terms.

(D)  can be eliminated because style is not relevant to the point under discussion.

Finally, (E)  is the second best answer. We eliminate  (E)  because the author states that the economics of prevention have been widely discussed, indicating that the uniqueness of Winslow’s contribution is not necessarily originality. Further, the reference to the persuasiveness of Winslow’s analysis makes  (C)  a better descriptive phrase to apply to the author’s attitude than  (E).

The correct answer is (C).

Hope it helps

Rashigarg7 · Answer

Could you please shed light on Q- 7 and Q-5?

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Read my earlier response for questions #5 in below link. https://gmatclub.com/forum/according-to ... l#p2410365 Official Explanation 7. The main reason the author advocates separating authority for preventive medicine from that for curative medicine is Difficulty Level: 700 Explanation This is a question about the logical structure of the argument. The author mentions several differences between preventive and curative medicines: cost, personnel, and persons addressed. But these differences are not compelling reasons for creating a division of authority. The need to separate authority for the two strategies is discussed in the first and last paragraphs. The value of the division will be to clarify objectives and redress the inequitable division of resources. These are problems, so says the first paragraph, because “the imperative nature of medical care” will allow it to dominate health care. In other words, the urgency of treatment attracts attention. This is the explanation provided in (A) . And for this reason it is not cost, (B) ; personnel, (C) ; or persons addressed, (D) , which is the important difference. Finally, (E) is directly contradicted by the opening sentences of the passage. The correct answer is (A). Hope it helps

nityakaul02 · Answer

official explanations for ist 3 questions please.

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official Explanation

1. The author’s primary concern is to

Difficulty Level:   600

Explanation

This is a main-idea question. The author draws a distinction between preventive health care and curative health care and suggests that there should be established separate authorities for each. So the primary method of developing the argument is the drawing of a distinction, as correctly stated by  (B) .

(A)  is incorrect since the author does not cite any counterarguments to his position.

(C)  is incorrect, for a dilemma is a  “damned if you do and damned if you don’t”  argument. To draw a distinction is not necessarily to set up a dilemma.

(D)  is incorrect, for whatever causes of poor health are discussed in the passage are not the main focus of the discussion.

(E)  is incorrect for a similar reason. Whatever new research we may try to read into the passage, e.g., the Winslow monograph, is surely not the main point of the passage.

The correct answer is (B).

2. The author mentions which of the following as differences between curative and preventive medicine?

Difficulty Level:   650

Explanation

This is an explicit-idea question. In the first sentence of the  second paragraph , the author notes that treatment is aimed at a patient already ill, but we have been told in the  first paragraph  that preventive care is just that, aimed at people who are healthy in order to keep them that way. So  statement I  is part of the correct answer.

Similarly,  statement II  is supported by the  first two paragraphs , particularly the sentence of the  second paragraph  that reads,  “While these may be applied on a mass basis . . . , they are usually applied after the patient appears with a complaint,”  thus distinguishing preventive care from curative care.

Finally, per capita differences in cost care are discussed in  paragraph 4.

The correct answer is (E).

3. It can be inferred that the author regards a program of controlled fluoridation of public water supplies as

Difficulty Level:   550

Explanation

This is an inference question. In the  first paragraph , the author discusses the basic strategy of preventive medicine and then states that in California there is needless suffering and economic harm due to the failure of authorities to implement controlled fluoridation. The development of the argument leads us to conclude that the author regards the failure of the authorities to fluoridate water as a failure to implement a preventive health care program.  (B)  explains this reasoning.

(A)  is incorrect since the author holds a positive attitude about fluoridation.

(C)  is incorrect because the author cites the failure to fluoridate as an example of a failure to adopt a potentially valuable preventive strategy.

(D)  is incorrect because fluoridation is a preventive, rather than a treatment, strategy.

Finally,  (E)  is incorrect since the author recommends the fluoridation of water as a valuable preventive strategy.

The correct answer is (B).

According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyege

Prep Toolkit

Top 5 GMAT Debrief Videos

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards

GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) Questions

According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyege

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards