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08 Mar 2023, 21:00
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
59% (03:18) correct
41%
(03:32) wrong
based on 297
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
59% (01:50) correct 41%
(01:59) wrong
based on 344
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
83% (00:57) correct 17%
(01:07) wrong
based on 326
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (01:41) correct 49%
(01:47) wrong
based on 324
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
74% (01:09) correct 26%
(01:24) wrong
based on 297
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
The following passage was written in the mid-1990s.
Evidence that the earth's atmosphere has warmed
has become quite compelling, in part because it has
been reinforced recently by the development of
accurate profiles of average annual temperatures
(5) throughout the last 1,000 years. These data, inferred
from studies of geological patterns and samples of ice
deposits, tree rings, and coral growth layers, indicate
that the recent increase in average temperature—a rise
of about one half of a degree Celsius over the last 100
(10) years—is unprecedented in the previous 1,000 years.
At the same time, other recent studies have
strengthened the controversial link between this
increase and the "greenhouse effect." Proponents of
the greenhouse effect claim that the increase was
(15) caused by elevated levels in the atmosphere of certain
gases that prevent heat from radiating back into space.
Early models charting the greenhouse effect were
somewhat inconsistent with observed data; they
estimated that the increase in the earth's atmospheric
(20) temperature over recent decades should have been
higher than the increase observed in actuality, which
led opponents to question the validity of the greenhouse
theory. But new methods have enabled scientists to
gauge the effect of greenhouse gases more accurately
(25) by taking into account an important factor that earlier
studies overlooked: airborne sulfates. Sulfates from
natural sources such as volcanoes as well as from
human technological sources tend to counteract the
heating effect of greenhouse gases by reflecting solar
(30) energy back into space. Taking into account the
varying levels of airborne sulfates indicated by the
concentration of sulfates in successive ages of glacial
ice, these scientists have calculated theoretical
temperatures for recent decades that are consistent
(35) with observed temperatures.
Another question for proponents of the greenhouse
theory comes from scientists who have attempted to tie
changes in the earth's atmospheric temperature to
variations in solar energy. From observations of cycles
(40) in several types of solar phenomena, these scientists
have developed models that chart variations in the
sun's heating effects, and the models do show a strong
decade-by-decade correspondence between solar
activity and atmospheric temperature fluctuations. But the
(45) models cannot account for the entirety of the recent
rise in atmospheric temperature. While researchers
have found that the average annual atmospheric
temperature fluctuates from one year to the next, its
temperature over the long term has been relatively
(50) stable—deviations from the long-term average
atmospheric temperature have inevitably reverted to
this average, or equilibrium, temperature. But the
current rise in temperature surpasses the most extreme
fluctuations in temperature consistent with the models
(55) based on variations in solar energy. In light of all this,
it seems reasonable to conclude that changes in the
earth's atmosphere have raised its equilibrium
temperature, and that greenhouse gases represent the
best explanation of that shift.
Evidence that the earth's atmosphere has warmed
has become quite compelling, in part because it has
been reinforced recently by the development of
accurate profiles of average annual temperatures
(5) throughout the last 1,000 years. These data, inferred
from studies of geological patterns and samples of ice
deposits, tree rings, and coral growth layers, indicate
that the recent increase in average temperature—a rise
of about one half of a degree Celsius over the last 100
(10) years—is unprecedented in the previous 1,000 years.
At the same time, other recent studies have
strengthened the controversial link between this
increase and the "greenhouse effect." Proponents of
the greenhouse effect claim that the increase was
(15) caused by elevated levels in the atmosphere of certain
gases that prevent heat from radiating back into space.
Early models charting the greenhouse effect were
somewhat inconsistent with observed data; they
estimated that the increase in the earth's atmospheric
(20) temperature over recent decades should have been
higher than the increase observed in actuality, which
led opponents to question the validity of the greenhouse
theory. But new methods have enabled scientists to
gauge the effect of greenhouse gases more accurately
(25) by taking into account an important factor that earlier
studies overlooked: airborne sulfates. Sulfates from
natural sources such as volcanoes as well as from
human technological sources tend to counteract the
heating effect of greenhouse gases by reflecting solar
(30) energy back into space. Taking into account the
varying levels of airborne sulfates indicated by the
concentration of sulfates in successive ages of glacial
ice, these scientists have calculated theoretical
temperatures for recent decades that are consistent
(35) with observed temperatures.
Another question for proponents of the greenhouse
theory comes from scientists who have attempted to tie
changes in the earth's atmospheric temperature to
variations in solar energy. From observations of cycles
(40) in several types of solar phenomena, these scientists
have developed models that chart variations in the
sun's heating effects, and the models do show a strong
decade-by-decade correspondence between solar
activity and atmospheric temperature fluctuations. But the
(45) models cannot account for the entirety of the recent
rise in atmospheric temperature. While researchers
have found that the average annual atmospheric
temperature fluctuates from one year to the next, its
temperature over the long term has been relatively
(50) stable—deviations from the long-term average
atmospheric temperature have inevitably reverted to
this average, or equilibrium, temperature. But the
current rise in temperature surpasses the most extreme
fluctuations in temperature consistent with the models
(55) based on variations in solar energy. In light of all this,
it seems reasonable to conclude that changes in the
earth's atmosphere have raised its equilibrium
temperature, and that greenhouse gases represent the
best explanation of that shift.
1. Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?
(A) Though many accept the theory that the greenhouse effect is causing the recent global warming, that theory is somewhat questionable in light of recent data concerning sulfates and solar cycles.
(B) Scientific models of the effects of greenhouse gases, modified to incorporate the effects of airborne sulfates, are important because they predict that the earth's average temperature will continue to rise.
(C) New scientific evidence shows that the earth's equilibrium temperature has been rising in a way that is consistent with the greenhouse
theory, but that the increase has been less than this theory originally estimated.
(D) Recent scientific data and calculations support the claims that the earth's atmosphere is becoming warmer and that the greenhouse effect is a major cause of this warming trend.
(E) The greenhouse theory is a reasonable explanation of a recent upward trend in the earth's atmospheric temperatures only if it is combined with the solar-fluctuation theory.
(A) Though many accept the theory that the greenhouse effect is causing the recent global warming, that theory is somewhat questionable in light of recent data concerning sulfates and solar cycles.
(B) Scientific models of the effects of greenhouse gases, modified to incorporate the effects of airborne sulfates, are important because they predict that the earth's average temperature will continue to rise.
(C) New scientific evidence shows that the earth's equilibrium temperature has been rising in a way that is consistent with the greenhouse
theory, but that the increase has been less than this theory originally estimated.
(D) Recent scientific data and calculations support the claims that the earth's atmosphere is becoming warmer and that the greenhouse effect is a major cause of this warming trend.
(E) The greenhouse theory is a reasonable explanation of a recent upward trend in the earth's atmospheric temperatures only if it is combined with the solar-fluctuation theory.
2. Which one of the following most accurately describes the relation between the argumentation in the second paragraph and that in the third paragraph?
(A) Two complementary theories that the author compares in the second paragraph are then contrasted in the third paragraph, where the first theory is ultimately rejected in favor of the second.
(B) A theory that the author shows to be problematic in the second paragraph is tentatively rejected in the third paragraph in light of compelling evidence that runs counter to the theory.
(C) A theory that the author discusses in the second paragraph is tentatively accepted after weighing additional considerations in the third paragraph.
(D) A theory that the author proposes and defends in the second paragraph is substantially revised in the third paragraph in response to new findings.
(E) A theory whose validity is questioned by the author in the second paragraph is shown in the third paragraph to be consistent with observed data.
(A) Two complementary theories that the author compares in the second paragraph are then contrasted in the third paragraph, where the first theory is ultimately rejected in favor of the second.
(B) A theory that the author shows to be problematic in the second paragraph is tentatively rejected in the third paragraph in light of compelling evidence that runs counter to the theory.
(C) A theory that the author discusses in the second paragraph is tentatively accepted after weighing additional considerations in the third paragraph.
(D) A theory that the author proposes and defends in the second paragraph is substantially revised in the third paragraph in response to new findings.
(E) A theory whose validity is questioned by the author in the second paragraph is shown in the third paragraph to be consistent with observed data.
3. Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage?
(A) the way in which sulfates in the earth's atmosphere produce an effect on temperatures
(B) that airborne sulfates are the main greenhouse gases
(C) the usual duration of one cycle of varying solar energy output
(D) predictions as to the effects of global warming on glacial ice
(E) an example of a technological source of airborne sulfates
(A) the way in which sulfates in the earth's atmosphere produce an effect on temperatures
(B) that airborne sulfates are the main greenhouse gases
(C) the usual duration of one cycle of varying solar energy output
(D) predictions as to the effects of global warming on glacial ice
(E) an example of a technological source of airborne sulfates
4. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that the author considers which one of the following most crucial in judging the success of a model developed to explain the global warming trend of the previous100 years?
(A) a strong correspondence between the model's calculated average global temperatures in the last few years and data from actual temperature observations
(B) that the model predicts an increase in the earth's temperature on the basis of a simple explanatory framework
(C) the extent to which the model has been revised in light of experimental findings
(D) a close fit between the warming mechanisms postulated by the theory and those that are generally acknowledged to be able to raise atmospheric temperatures
(E) a long-term match between the model's estimated changes in the earth's temperature and data indicating the actual temperatures that have occurred
(A) a strong correspondence between the model's calculated average global temperatures in the last few years and data from actual temperature observations
(B) that the model predicts an increase in the earth's temperature on the basis of a simple explanatory framework
(C) the extent to which the model has been revised in light of experimental findings
(D) a close fit between the warming mechanisms postulated by the theory and those that are generally acknowledged to be able to raise atmospheric temperatures
(E) a long-term match between the model's estimated changes in the earth's temperature and data indicating the actual temperatures that have occurred
5. Which one of the following most accurately states the author's primary purpose in lines 26-35?
(A) to provide an example of a set of observations that has been predicted by a theory
(B) to argue that a new theory will need to be formulated in order to accommodate certain recent findings
(C) to demonstrate the degree to which a previously accepted theory fails to account for observed phenomena
(D) to show that a certain theory that was previously in doubt can be defended in light of additional data
(E) to propose a way of resolving a dispute between proponents of two competing theories
(A) to provide an example of a set of observations that has been predicted by a theory
(B) to argue that a new theory will need to be formulated in order to accommodate certain recent findings
(C) to demonstrate the degree to which a previously accepted theory fails to account for observed phenomena
(D) to show that a certain theory that was previously in doubt can be defended in light of additional data
(E) to propose a way of resolving a dispute between proponents of two competing theories
RC Butler 2023 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 53 Date: 09-Mar-2023
This question is a part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
Passage # 53 Date: 09-Mar-2023
This question is a part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
- Source: LSAT Official PrepTest 84
- Difficulty Level: 650
05 Oct 2023, 01:00
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(A) is a Distortion. Both the greenhouse eðect theory and the solar-fluctuation theory produce models that correspond well with temperature observations. The author ultimately rejects the solar-fluctuation models because they were unable to anticipate the drastic change (or fluctuations) in temperature (lines 52–55).
