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daagh
(In response to a PM by the original poster.)

Notwithstanding that the algorithms and software are a compound subject connected by an 'and', even dropping the software part will entail a plural verb ’are’ unless one wants to drop the algorithms part of and simply say complex software. Therefore choices A, C and E have to be shown the door.

Between B and D; it is not clear what the relative pronoun, ‘which’ stands for; however, the pronoun-it- refers to the camera. Something allows the camera and that something has to be singular to use the singular verb -allows-. There is no such singular subject. On the contrary, which seems to refer to the camera, meaning that the camera allows the camera, which is meaningless.

Therefore, Choice B, which uses the plural verb – are - and the adverbial modifier-- allowing it-- referring to the plural subject and their action of translating the frequencies is the best fit.

I was confused by the original text, as the it had sentence constructed as given in first option, which made me believe that I was missing some concept.
I believe it is a small grammatical error on their part.

I'll update the OA
Thank you :)
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Unfortunately, the writing in the source article wasn't very precise, MIT or not! (I think this language is from a 3rd-party site, not from the original MIT text.) I'm not crazy about the use of "it," either. The camera itself isn't distinguishing letters. This is done by the complex software, which is presumably running on an attached computer. The author is using "it" much more loosely than the GMAT ever would.

Having said that, the article is quite fascinating. Researchers are starting to develop the technology to read closed books! You'd better find a good place to hide your diary . . . :)
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