A) it did not drive the discovery of more information about it to be done by astrophysicists until it was the 1990s
Dark Matter did not drive.... about dark matter... by A, until "it" (placeholder) was 1990s. Why do we need so many its to represent dark matter? A GMAT sentence correction can convey the meaning in more precise way.
B) it was not until the 1990s that astrophysicists were driven to discover more information about it
The first it is a placeholder, the 2nd one refers back to dark matter with logical approach. Keep.
C) it was not the drive of astrophysicists’ discovery of more information about it until the 1990s
"it" this sentence is almost like a fragment. the dark matter was not the drive of astrophysicists'? How can that be...? Dark matter was not the drive of A's discovery? Horrible construction.
D) until the 1990s astrophysicists have not been driven to discover more information about it
Have not been driven to discover, The A's lack of drive was in the past, it does not continue nor does it have any effect till today. If it said, was not driven to discover, then it would have made more sense. But we don't make the sentences here.
E) not until the 1990s was it that it has driven astrophysicists to discover more information about it
it that it, wow. Seriously? I can't even wrap my head around to understanding this but I'll try. First IT is a placeholder, the second one dark matter...? and then we have another it at the end. We went to passive voice all of a sudden... Why? There's no need.