Although Panama’s social spending per person is among the highest in Latin America, its
students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed because of a powerful teacher’s union and an inefficient civil service.
A. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed
because of --> correct idiom: "A attributed to B"
B.
standards of students and test
results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to --> "standards" and "results" are not different, they are related as "standardized test results "
C. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to -->
correctD. students’ standardized test results
that rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to --> no main verb
E. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed
due to --> same as A