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Correct Option (A)

Sentence Exam on:
- If X then Y (cause and effect - structure)
- Intended meaning
- Tense

A. many lives will be saved if there is a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking
- Correct
Will - future tense (lives will be saved) (Effect)
If - conditional clause
is - present tense (cultural shift happens from now)(cause)
Sentence struture : Effect by Cause.

B. if there will be a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives will be saved
Wrong:
will - Future tense - Culture shift (cause)
will - Future tense - lives will be saved (effect)
Intended meaning flaw
Cause and effect both are in future tense and wrong usage of if clause

C. if there will be a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives are saved
Wrong:
Will - Future tense (Effect)
are - Present tense (cause)
Intended meaning flaw, it say future effect will make changes in present tense.
It means, becasue many lives are saved, then there will be culture shift in attitudes towards smoking.

D. many lives will be saved if there is a major shift in attitudes towards smoking
Wrong: Major shift in what?

E. if there is a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives can be save
Wrong:
is - present tense (cause)
Can - Wrong usage, it is used to highligh capability of someone to another, not effects
though can, is still, is a conditional word - can be, cannot be, which strong word like will gives assurance, once action is completed, confirm effects will happen
cause and effect impact is not present in option E
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Several Scottish doctors have claimed that many lives will be saved if there is a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking.



A. many lives will be saved if there is a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking
There seems no obvious grammar or meaning error. Keep

B. if there will be a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives will be saved
will is a surety. If is a condition and hence can't go together. Eliminate

C. if there will be a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives are saved
will is a surety. If is a condition and hence can't go together. Eliminate

D. many lives will be saved if there is a major shift in attitudes towards smoking
Lost the original meaning as it is "major cultural shift' and not just "major shift". Eliminate

E. if there is a major cultural shift in attitudes towards smoking, many lives can be saved
can vs will. Will is surety and can is possibility. So the meaning changes in this option. Eliminate

So A is the best answer choice.
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IMO A .

Meaning -
If there is a cultural Shift TODAY then Many lives WILL be saved tomorrow.

This is not hypothetical .. but it is an actual fact.. Hence we need WILL instead of would/could/can/
i.e. In both the dependent and the main clause we need to use an Indicative Mood.

Option B and C mess up the meaning .

D omits the word "cultural" without any logical reason.

E uses the word "can" which indicates a possibiliy - this is not a hypothetical statement but a fact.
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