Da Vinci's vision of a flying contraption was dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream; instead, many scholars attribute several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight with its principles.
(A) was dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream; instead, many scholars attribute several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight with
'instead' doesnt convey the proper meaning of sentence
(B) had been dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream, but from which, many scholars have attributed several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight to
there is no time sequence, so 'had been' uses wrong; also 'from which' is redundant
(C) had been dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream, but from which, many scholars attribute several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight with
same as B
(D) was dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream, but many scholars attribute several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight to
correct idioms - .....attribute.........to............. i think correct choice.
(E) had been dismissed for centuries as a pipe dream; instead, many scholars have attributed several critical innovations that actually led to manned flight to
same as A & B