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AshutoshB
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Pre-thinking:

Conclusion: The proposed change to the patent system (to have the application precede initial publication) is bound to have a chilling effect on scientific research.

Premise on which it is based (why):

1) Current rules allow research results to be shared widely prior to the patent application (due to the one year time allowed between publication and patent application).
2) The change requires patent application to precede publication, and hence precede sharing of results.
3) This would delay the communication of discoveries.

Please note the subtle language shift from the premise to the conclusion. The conclusion is about "a chilling effect on scientific research", whereas the premise talks about "delay" in "the communication of discoveries". The natural assumption here is that it is the "delay" which would have "the chilling effect" on scientific research.

Let us assess the options:


[A]The proposed change will encourage more patent applications to be filed. This does not connect the premises and the conclusion in any way, since neither talk about or is dependent on the "number of patent applications". Eliminate.

[B]Dramatic advances in scientific research have occurred while the current patent system has been in place. This does not connect the premises and the conclusion in any way, since neither talks about or is dependent on the quality of research being conducted. Eliminate.

[C]Delays in the communication of discoveries will have a chilling effect on scientific research. Correct answer. Consistent with our pre-thinking above.

[D]Most researchers oppose the proposed change to the patent system. This does not connect the premises and the conclusion in any way, since neither talks about or is dependent on the support or lack thereof towards the proposal. Eliminate.

[E]The current rules for patent applications facilitate progress in scientific research by rewarding the communication of discoveries. This only talks about the current research and does not impact the proposed changes in the rules in any way. As such, it does not impact the conclusion. Eliminate.

Hope this helps.
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Pre-think:

Conclusion:

Goal of proposed change: a chilling effect on scientific research

Premise:

The proposed change would have
• application precede initial publication (1)
• delay the communication of discoveries. (2)

So, required premise would be delay the communication of discoveries (2) will have a chilling effect on scientific research
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