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Jeanette: We must stop the overfishing of the Guantabe fishing beds off the coast of Ecuador. Unless the overfishing is curtailed, several local species of fish may become extinct.

Sandra: The people who live on the Ecuadoran coast depend on the fish for their survival. To deprive them of this source of food might mean death by starvation.

Which of the following, if true, is the best objection that could be made from Jeanette’s point of view to counter Sandra’s point?

1] There are species of fish in other locations that are quite similar to the fish found in the Guantabe fishing beds.

2] Allowing particular species to breed unchecked can upset the delicate balance of the ecosystem in the entire area.

3] A steady diet of fish can raise the level of PCBs (known carcinogens) in the body of a human to dangerous levels.

4] In a study, it was found that the coastal Ecuadorians would willingly eat other foods when they were available.

5] The vast majority of the fish now taken from the Guantabe fishing beds is taken by commercial fishing ships that sell their catch in other countries.

Official Explanation:


Conclusion: Don’t stop the overfishing of the Guantabe fishing beds. To deprive them of this source of food might mean death by starvation.

Premise: The people who live on the Ecuadoran coast depend on the fish for their survival.

Assumption: There are no problems with the plan. The people on the Ecuadoran coast are the ones who will be affected by limiting overfishing.

This is a weaken question, as evidenced by the phrase Which of the following…is the best objection that could be made…to counter Sandra's point. Sandra uses the premise that The people who live on the Ecuadoran coast depend on the fish for their survival in order to conclude that to deprive them of this source of food might mean death by starvation.

The passage contains a planning reasoning pattern because the argument revolves around whether to stop the overfishing of the Guantabe fishing beds. The standard assumption of an argument with a planning reasoning pattern is that there are no problems with the plan. To weaken an argument with a planning reasoning pattern, the correct answer choice needs to provide a problem with the plan. In other words, there is a problem with the plan not to stop the overfishing of the Guantabe fishing beds. Evaluate the answer choices, looking for one that reflects this idea.

Choice A: No. The fact that There are species of fish in other locations that are quite similar to the fish found in the Guantabe fishing beds is out of scope. This does not address the fact that the people who live on the Ecuadoran coast depend on the fish for their survival.

Choice B: No. The delicate balance of the ecosystem in the entire area is out of scope. Sandra’s argument focuses on the negative consequence of depriving them of this source of food by limiting overfishing.

Choice C: No. The fact that A steady diet of fish can raise the level of PCBs (known carcinogens) in the body of a human to dangerous levels is out of scope. Fish may not be an ideal diet, but this does not affect Sandra’s argument about what Ecuadorians depend upon for their survival.

Choice D: No. The mention of what Ecuadorians would willingly eat is out of scope. Sandra’s argument focuses on the negative consequence of depriving them of this source of food by limiting overfishing.

Choice E: Correct. If The vast majority of the fish…is taken by commercial fishing ships that sell their catch in other countries, then stopping the overfishing would not necessarily deprive locals of this source of food. Thus, this answer choice weakens Sandra’s argument.

The correct answer is choice E.
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Jeanette: We must stop the overfishing of the Guantabe fishing beds off the coast of Ecuador. Unless the overfishing is curtailed, several local species of fish may become extinct.

Sandra: The people who live on the Ecuadoran coast depend on the fish for their survival. To deprive them of this source of food might mean death by starvation.

Which of the following, if true, is the best objection that could be made from Jeanette’s point of view to counter Sandra’s point?


1] There are species of fish in other locations that are quite similar to the fish found in the Guantabe fishing beds.

Other locations can be anywhere in the world. IRRELEVANT.

2] Allowing particular species to breed unchecked can upset the delicate balance of the ecosystem in the entire area.

It will weaken Jeanette's point by showing the overfishing is acceptable, though not so strongly.

3] A steady diet of fish can raise the level of PCBs (known carcinogens) in the body of a human to dangerous levels.

Generalise statement about any fish. IRRELEVANT.

4] In a study, it was found that the coastal Ecuadorians would willingly eat other foods when they were available.

Availability of other food is IRRELEVANT. Point is overfishing and not fishing for regular meals.

5] The vast majority of the fish now taken from the Guantabe fishing beds is taken by commercial fishing ships that sell their catch in other countries.
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