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Bunuel
Researcher: The vast majority of a person’s dreams bear no resemblance whatsoever to real events that follow the dreams. Thus, it is unreasonable to believe that one has extrasensory perception solely on the basis of having had several vivid dreams about events that happen after the dreams.

Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

PRE - THINKING:
The argument talks of 'majority of dreams ' of a any one person. Lets freeze that. So the majority (greater than 50%) of dreams bear no resemblance to future events, so belief that minority (less than or equal to 49% - which can be worded as several, many, few, ..) dreams indicating something is unreasonable.
Now lets see which of the options replicate this reasoning..

(A) It is unreasonable to believe that a new drug cures heart disease when it is tested, albeit successfully, on only a few patients. Most new drugs require testing on large numbers of patients before they are considered effective.

It talks of few patients and several patients - no mention of majority or most patients. That is the sample size we are looking for..Hence Incorrect.

(B) Many people who undergo surgery for ulcers show no long-term improvement. So it is unreasonable to believe that surgery for ulcers is effective, even though ulcer surgery benefits many people as well.
Talks of 'many' people in both instances..no mention of 'Majority' - Incorrect.

(C) Even though many cancer patients experience remissions without drinking herbal tea, it is unreasonable to believe that not drinking herbal tea causes such remissions. Several factors are known to be relevant to cancer remission.
Talks of only one sample size, that too of 'many' - Incorrect.

(D) A number of people who die prematurely take aspirin. But it is unreasonable to conclude that aspirin is dangerous. Most people who take aspirin do not die prematurely.
This talks of sample sizes we are looking for - 'most people' and 'many people'. the sequence in which they appear has been reversed probably to increase the difficulty level. - Further analysis of this option shows that the reasoning is the same as the argument. But to save time, we can proceed further and see if we can eliminate option E. If not, we can analyse both D and E.

(E) A significant number of children raised near power lines develop cancer. So it is unreasonable to deny a connection between living near power lines and developing cancer, even though many people living near power lines never develop cancer.
Significant number of children and many people - different samples all together - certainly incorrect.

So no need to really dissect Option D - its Correct.
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