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04 Dec 2023, 02:30
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Difficulty:
55%
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Question Stats:
64% (02:04) correct
36%
(02:12)
wrong
based on 364
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A low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein diet has been shown to assist in increasing longevity. The average life expectancy among the Jani community in Ambatia is significantly higher than it is among any other community in the country. The Jani community is located in a remote, secluded area, and its only contact with the outside world is a monthly delivery of groceries from the nearest town unless the weather is too bad for the journey. Members of the community grow most of their food, as well as goats and chickens, which they occasionally eat. This essentially imposes a low-calorie, low-fat, high protein diet. Clearly, these circumstances account for the longer lives of the Jani community members.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the above conclusion?
(A) Many people who live in the Jani community joined it after the age of 40 or after retirement.
(B) The Jani community has less than a thousand members.
(C) In Ambatia, all medical expenses are paid for by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives.
(D) The life expectancy in Ambatai is 76 years, compared to 84 years in the Jani community.
(E) The oldest person in Country X is 97 years old, and she is not a member of the Jani community.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the above conclusion?
(A) Many people who live in the Jani community joined it after the age of 40 or after retirement.
(B) The Jani community has less than a thousand members.
(C) In Ambatia, all medical expenses are paid for by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives.
(D) The life expectancy in Ambatai is 76 years, compared to 84 years in the Jani community.
(E) The oldest person in Country X is 97 years old, and she is not a member of the Jani community.
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05 Dec 2023, 05:32
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Conclusion: Clearly, these circumstances account for the longer lives of the Jani community members.
Evidence: What are these circumstances? + Comparison: Jani members differ from others in following ways:
1. Eating low-fat, high-protein diet
2. Grow their own food
3. Residing in a remote secluded area
Question: Weaken.
A. If older people join the community then the average age of the group would be higher in general than other community. It may not be due to these circumstances only. This option gives us an alternative explanation. Correct.
B. Jani has <1k members. We don't know how many members other community have so we cannot make any comparison.
C. All members of Jani have health insurance. We don't know about other community so we cannot make any comparison.
D. Life expectancy of Jani is higher than the whole community. This can be used as an evidence to support the conclusion not weaken.
E. Evidence of exception is given. This cannot used to disprove the conclusion strongly because there is only 1 exception.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
06 Jan 2024, 05:45
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
A low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein diet has been shown to assist in increasing longevity. The average life expectancy among the Jani community in Ambatia is significantly higher than it is among any other community in the country. The Jani community is located in a remote, secluded area, and its only contact with the outside world is a monthly delivery of groceries from the nearest town unless the weather is too bad for the journey. Members of the community grow most of their food, as well as goats and chickens, which they occasionally eat. This essentially imposes a low-calorie, low-fat, high protein diet. Clearly, these circumstances account for the longer lives of the Jani community members.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the above conclusion?
(A) Many people who live in the Jani community joined it after the age of 40 or after retirement.
To solve this Conclusion Weakening question, first break down the argument. The first 5 sentences are premises providing factual data. The last sentence begins with the conclusion word Clearly so it's the argument's conclusion:
- Premise A: a low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein diet helps people live longer
+
Premise B: Jani community members live longer than members of other communities in Ambatia
+
Premise C: The Jani community rarely receives food from outside
+
Premise D: the produce they eat is all home-grown
+
Premise E: their diet is low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein
=
Conclusion: the above circumstances help the Jani people live longer
Possible assumption: the lifestyle of the Jani people has been the same throughout their lives
Weakening Data: ?
You are required to find data that weakens the conclusion that the Jani diet is what helps them live longer. The correct answer could be one that exposes the argument's assumption.
This answer choice attacks the argument's assumption. Because we're talking about dietary factors, we must relate to the entire life of an individual. If a Jani member lived until 91, but only joined the community at age 74, then the diet has only influenced a certain fraction of that member's lifetime. This seriously weakens the idea that the diet causes the longevity.
(B) The Jani community has less than a thousand members.
A low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein diet has been shown to assist in increasing longevity. The average life expectancy among the Jani community in Ambatia is significantly higher than it is among any other community in the country. The Jani community is located in a remote, secluded area, and its only contact with the outside world is a monthly delivery of groceries from the nearest town unless the weather is too bad for the journey. Members of the community grow most of their food, as well as goats and chickens, which they occasionally eat. This essentially imposes a low-calorie, low-fat, high protein diet. Clearly, these circumstances account for the longer lives of the Jani community members.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the above conclusion?
Incorrect.
To solve this Conclusion Weakening question, first break down the argument. The first 5 sentences are premises providing factual data. The last sentence begins with the conclusion word Clearly so it's the argument's conclusion:
- Premise A: a low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein diet helps people live longer
+
Premise B: Jani community members live longer than members of other communities in Ambatia
+
Premise C: The Jani community rarely receives food from outside
+
Premise D: the produce they eat is all home-grown
+
Premise E: their diet is low-calorie, low-fat, high-protein
=
Conclusion: the above circumstances help the Jani people live longer
Possible assumption: the lifestyle of the Jani people has been the same throughout their lives
Weakening Data: ?
You are required to find data that weakens the conclusion that the Jani diet is what helps them live longer. The correct answer could be one that exposes the argument's assumption.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the argument's conclusion. Since the argument deals with the average life expectancy of the citizens of Ambatia in the Jani community and outside it, the total number of individuals in each group cannot affect the comparison.
(C) In Ambatia, all medical expenses are paid for by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives.
Incorrect.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the argument's conclusion. The topic of medical expenses is irrelevant since the conclusion deals only with diet. This answer choice presents data that is true for both the Jani community and the rest of the citizens of Ambatia. Because we are comparing the two, stating something that is common to both does not help us in our task of weakening the conclusion.
(D) The life expectancy in Ambatai is 76 years, compared to 84 years in the Jani community.
Incorrect.
This answer choice merely repeats one of the argument's premises by specifying the actual life expectancy ages. The second sentence of the argument already states that "the average life expectancy among the Jani community in Ambatia is significantly higher than it is among any other community in the country."
(E) The oldest person in Country X is 97 years old, and she is not a member of the Jani community.
Incorrect.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the argument's conclusion.
Since the argument deals with the average life expectancy in Country X in general and in the Jani community in particular, a single individual's age is not enough to cast doubt on the conclusion.
