If a and b are two odd positive integers, by which of the following in

Question

If a and b are two odd positive integers, by which of the following integers is (a^4 - b^4) is always divisible?

(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 8
(E) 12

IanStewart · Accepted Answer

Using the difference of squares factorization (twice), we have:

a^4 - b^4 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - b^2) = (a^2 + b^2)(a + b)(a - b)

We've now written our number as a product of three things. But each of those three things is even, if a and b are both odd. If each of those three factors is divisible by 2, their product is divisible by 2^3 = 8.

So our number is divisible by 8. But any number divisible by 8 is also divisible by 4, so there are two correct answers: 4 and 8. The question is flawed.

Even if they meant to ask something like "what is the largest integer you can be certain is a factor of a^4 - b^4", the question is still flawed, because the answer to that question is 16. It's probably easiest to see why that's true using remainder arithmetic, but we can also see why algebraically. We know (a^2 + b^2) is divisible by 2. It turns out that (a^2 - b^2) = (a+b)(a-b) is not only divisible by 4 when a and b are odd - it actually must be divisible by 8. If a and b are odd, then for some integers s and t, we know:

a = 2s + 1
b = 2t + 1

so (a + b)(a - b) = (2s + 2t + 2)(2s - 2t) = 2*2(s + t + 1)(s - t)

Now, because addition and subtraction follow the same even/odd rules, then s+t and s-t are either both even, or both odd. So exactly one of the factors s+t+1 and s-t is even, and the other is odd, so we have another 2 in our factorization somewhere, and a^2 - b^2 is divisible by 8.

balamoon · Answer

Corrected the choices....

Temurkhon · Answer

take 1 and 3,
1^4-3^4=1-81=-80, divisible only by 5 and 8. A,C,E out

take 3 and 5
3^4-5^4=81-625=544, not divisible by 5

D

douglasvg · Answer

I chose 3 odd numbers to find the correct choice.

Actually it took me 1:30 minutes.

Is it ok or there is a faster way?

mvictor · Answer

one thig to consider
odd - odd = even
odd^4 - odd^4 most likely will be divisible by an even only...8=2^3, so divisible.
D

mvictor · Answer

alternatively break it like this
a^4 - b^4 = (a^2 - b^2) ( a^2 + b^2)
(a^2 - b^2) - even
(a^2 + b^2) - even

so you already have 2 evens

now, break a^2 - b^2 into (a+b)(a-b)
so you have the 3rd even.

wodan · Answer

No matter what numbers you choose as a and b, the result is always going to be even (odd-odd=even). This automatically cancels out A and B, because odd numbers will sometimes be able to divide even numbers, but certainly not always. So you're left with 6, 8, and 12. You could pick numbers a=1, b=3, and then a=3, b=5 or vice versa; you'll get a pattern where all your results will be divisible by only 8.

JeffTargetTestPrep · Answer

Simplifying the given expression, we have:

(a^4 - b^4) = (a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - b^2) = (a^2 + b^2)(a - b)(a + b)

Since a and b are both odd, we see that a - b = odd - odd = even. Similarly, a + b = odd + odd = even, and finally, a^2 + b^2 = odd^2 + odd^2 = odd + odd = even. Thus, we see that the expression is a product of three even numbers, and since each even number is divisible by 2, the expression must always be divisible by 2 x 2 x 2 = 8.

Answer: D

Loser94 · Answer

If a and b are two odd positive integers, by which of the following integers is (a^4 - b^4) is always divisible?

(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 8
(E) 12

a^4-b^4= (a^2+b^2)(a+b)(a-b)

Given That a and b both are positive odd integers so
Odd+odd =even (divisible by 2)
Hence even*even*even divisible by 8 
Option D

Posted from my mobile device

Kinshook · Answer

Asked: If a and b are two odd positive integers, by which of the following integers is (a^4 - b^4) is always divisible?

a^4 - b^4 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - b^2) = (a^2 + b^2)(a+b)(a-b) - > even * even * even

Must be divisible by 8

IMO D

bumpbot · Answer

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If a and b are two odd positive integers, by which of the following in

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