What we know:
- All days have the same number of employees with birthdays except Wednesday
- Wednesday has more employees with birthdays than each of the other days
- The total number of employees is 54
Question: What is the
minimum number of employees that have a birthday on Wednesday?
Plugging in the answer choices works well, but we can avoid that with a little algebra and a little insight.
Consider if all days had the same number of employees with birthdays (let's call this x), then the number of employees would be a multiple of 7. Wednesday has an
extra number of employees (let's call it y) with birthdays to bring the total up to 54. So 7x + y = 54. Or, 54 is y more than a multiple of 7. To minimize y, we must maximize x. The greatest multiple of 7 less than 54 is 49. This is 5 less than 54, so Wednesday must have 5 extra employees with birthdays. Therefore each day has 7 employees with birthdays, but Wednesday has 7+5 = 12 employees with birthdays.
Answer E