Hey there,
So overall things look good. The schools you mentioned are reasonable goals for you, but of course Harvard and Stanford are stretches. Yes, you have the grades, but you aren't coming from a traditional "feeder school" for these schools, so we need to find some stellar facts about you to build an amazing profile (I dunno, is there a big family business? is your dad a Senator? Have a successful start up?)
Otherwise your two years (+1 as Bschools count from day you start your studies) should be sufficient. It puts you a bit on the low side, but within a standard deviation. (Although Chicago does tend to like people with a bit more experience). But the REAL question is not so much "How Long"? But "What have you done in those two years?" If you have achievements and leadership to speak of, than it can be enough, if not really, maybe it can be better to wait.
I do like your "failed entrepreneurial" stories (although would need to hear about them in detail), but stories like that can be really great, even if you failed to show motivation, learning, risk taking abilities.
The CFA is more or less irrelevant (okay maybe it helps a bit, but really only if you are gonna use it.. i.e. if its a part of your goals). As for which goals you should use: it depends, and for that we are gonna need to have a longer conversation

Anyhow, I hope you have found this info helpful for you, and if you got anything else, just drop us a line.