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29 Jul 2020, 21:47
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Markers can be open, with a word or words between the two parallel elements, or closed, with a word or words between the two elements as well as before the first element.
For example:
Open markers: 'and' 'or' 'rather than'
'and' - Apples AND pears
'or' - Happy OR sad
'rather than' - Play tennis RATHER THAN climb a mountain
Closed markers: 'both/and' 'either/or' 'not/but' 'not only/but also' 'from/to'
'both/and' - BOTH men AND women
'either/or' - EITHER she works OR she plays
'not/but' - NOT running BUT jumping
'not only/but also' - NOT ONLY the manager BUT ALSO her team
'from/to' - FROM the house TO the end of the driveway
Often, the two parallel phrases or clauses may begin with the same signal word in order to remove ambiguity about where the parallelism begins:
Wrong: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND I pay low taxes.
Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.
Without the repetition of the subordinator where, the first sentence could be read I want to retire ... and I pay low taxes. Repeating the where eliminates ambiguity.
When a closed marker is used, anything after the first portion of the marker applies only to the X element:
Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND who are not as well-liked.
Right: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND those who are not as well-liked.
Because parallelism starts with the marker word both, the X element is those who are popular.
The main parallel words, those who, cannot carry over to the Y element; they have to be repeated.
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH SOME STEPS AS TO HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHEN TO REPEAT AND WHEN NOT TO REPEAT FOR PARALLEL ELEMENTS???!!!!
For example:
Open markers: 'and' 'or' 'rather than'
'and' - Apples AND pears
'or' - Happy OR sad
'rather than' - Play tennis RATHER THAN climb a mountain
Closed markers: 'both/and' 'either/or' 'not/but' 'not only/but also' 'from/to'
'both/and' - BOTH men AND women
'either/or' - EITHER she works OR she plays
'not/but' - NOT running BUT jumping
'not only/but also' - NOT ONLY the manager BUT ALSO her team
'from/to' - FROM the house TO the end of the driveway
Often, the two parallel phrases or clauses may begin with the same signal word in order to remove ambiguity about where the parallelism begins:
Wrong: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND I pay low taxes.
Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.
Without the repetition of the subordinator where, the first sentence could be read I want to retire ... and I pay low taxes. Repeating the where eliminates ambiguity.
When a closed marker is used, anything after the first portion of the marker applies only to the X element:
Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND who are not as well-liked.
Right: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND those who are not as well-liked.
Because parallelism starts with the marker word both, the X element is those who are popular.
The main parallel words, those who, cannot carry over to the Y element; they have to be repeated.
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH SOME STEPS AS TO HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHEN TO REPEAT AND WHEN NOT TO REPEAT FOR PARALLEL ELEMENTS???!!!!
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20 Feb 2023, 12:25
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