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29 Jul 2020, 21:47
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Markers can be open, with a word or words between the two parallel elements, or closed, with a word or words between the two elements as well as before the first element.
For example:
Open markers: 'and' 'or' 'rather than'
'and' - Apples AND pears
'or' - Happy OR sad
'rather than' - Play tennis RATHER THAN climb a mountain
Closed markers: 'both/and' 'either/or' 'not/but' 'not only/but also' 'from/to'
'both/and' - BOTH men AND women
'either/or' - EITHER she works OR she plays
'not/but' - NOT running BUT jumping
'not only/but also' - NOT ONLY the manager BUT ALSO her team
'from/to' - FROM the house TO the end of the driveway
Often, the two parallel phrases or clauses may begin with the same signal word in order to remove ambiguity about where the parallelism begins:
Wrong: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND I pay low taxes.
Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.
Without the repetition of the subordinator where, the first sentence could be read I want to retire ... and I pay low taxes. Repeating the where eliminates ambiguity.
When a closed marker is used, anything after the first portion of the marker applies only to the X element:
Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND who are not as well-liked.
Right: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND those who are not as well-liked.
Because parallelism starts with the marker word both, the X element is those who are popular.
The main parallel words, those who, cannot carry over to the Y element; they have to be repeated.
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH SOME STEPS AS TO HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHEN TO REPEAT AND WHEN NOT TO REPEAT FOR PARALLEL ELEMENTS???!!!!
For example:
Open markers: 'and' 'or' 'rather than'
'and' - Apples AND pears
'or' - Happy OR sad
'rather than' - Play tennis RATHER THAN climb a mountain
Closed markers: 'both/and' 'either/or' 'not/but' 'not only/but also' 'from/to'
'both/and' - BOTH men AND women
'either/or' - EITHER she works OR she plays
'not/but' - NOT running BUT jumping
'not only/but also' - NOT ONLY the manager BUT ALSO her team
'from/to' - FROM the house TO the end of the driveway
Often, the two parallel phrases or clauses may begin with the same signal word in order to remove ambiguity about where the parallelism begins:
Wrong: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND I pay low taxes.
Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.
Without the repetition of the subordinator where, the first sentence could be read I want to retire ... and I pay low taxes. Repeating the where eliminates ambiguity.
When a closed marker is used, anything after the first portion of the marker applies only to the X element:
Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND who are not as well-liked.
Right: Ralph likes BOTH those who are popular AND those who are not as well-liked.
Because parallelism starts with the marker word both, the X element is those who are popular.
The main parallel words, those who, cannot carry over to the Y element; they have to be repeated.
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH SOME STEPS AS TO HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHEN TO REPEAT AND WHEN NOT TO REPEAT FOR PARALLEL ELEMENTS???!!!!
Archived Topic
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20 Feb 2023, 12:25
Kudos
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Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!
Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).
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Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).
Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Verbal Questions Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
