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Official Explanation

RO1: Infer

The table is already alphabetized by commodity; reading across the last row (corresponding to the commodity sugar), Brazil accounts for 21% of the total and ranks first among all nations in world sugar production. Because Brazil produces less than one-fourth (25%) of the world’s sugar, neither Brazil nor any other individual country produces more than one-fourth of the world’s sugar.

The correct answer is Yes.

RO2: Recognize


Sorting the table on Exports, world rank reveals that Brazil ranks first in the export of orange juice, coffee, sugar, beef, and chickens. Brazil accounts for more than 20% of world production for each of the commodities orange juice, coffee, and sugar (56%, 40%, and 21%, respectively), but it accounts for less than 20% of world production for beef and for chickens (16% and 15%, respectively).

The correct answer is No.

RO3: Recognize


Sorting the table on Production, world share reveals that Brazil produces more than 20% of the world’s supply of each of the following commodities: sugar (21%), soybeans (27%), coffee (40%), and orange juice (56%). With respect to the export of these commodities, Brazil ranks first in sugar, coffee, and orange juice, but second in soybeans. Thus, soybeans provide a counterexample to the given statement.

The correct answer is No.

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Given: A table showing Brazilian agricultural commodities in 2009 including details on Brazil's:
  • production world share (%)
  • production world rank
  • exports world share (%)
  • exports world rank

To Find: The statement(s) that can be shown to be true based only on the table.

Solution:
Let's evaluate each statement one by one.

Statement 1: No individual country produces more than one-fourth of the world’s sugar.
This statement is about Sugar production. So, let's look at the production data we have about Sugar.

  • From the first two columns, we get that by producing 21% of world sugar, Brazil is the no. 1 producer of sugar in the world.
  • So, the top producing country, Brazil, itself produces only 21% (less than 25%) of the world's sugar.
  • So, no country can produce more than 21%, and hence, not more than 25% (one-fourth) of the world's sugar.
We mark "Yes"


Statement 2: If Brazil produces less than 20% of the world's supply of any commodity listed in the table, Brazil is not the world's top exporter of that commodity.
Approach - We will first find all commodities for which Brazil's production share is less than 20%. Then, we will check Brazil's export rank for each of those commodities. If none of the ranks is 1, we mark "Yes", else, we mark "No".

  • To identify all commodities where production share < 20%. Sort the table by “Production world share (%)” column.
  • We find 5 such commodities: Beef, Chickens, Corn, Cotton, & Pork.
  • Now, check the Exports world rank for each of these 5 commodities: Beef & Chickens are at rank 1!
  • Per our approach, we mark "No". Beef and Chickens contradict the statement because despite production < 20%, exports rank = 1.

We mark "No"


Statement 3: Of the commodities in the table for which Brazil ranks first in world exports, Brazil produces more than 20% of the world’s supply.
Approach - We will first find all commodities for which Brazil's export's world rank is 1. Then, we will check Brazil's production share for each of those commodities. If all of the percentages are > 20%, we mark "Yes", else, we mark "No".

  • To identify all commodities where Brazil ranks first in world exports, sort the table by “Exports world rank” column.
  • We find 5 such commodities: Beef, Chickens, Coffee, Orange juice, Sugar
  • Now, check Brazil's production share for each of these: Out of these 5 commodities, Beef and Chickens have production shares less than 20%.
  • Per our approach, we mark "No". This is because not all rank-1 export commodities exceed 20% production.

We mark "No"


Correct Answers: Yes, No, No

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Great question — let's break down all three statements using the table.

S1: No individual country produces more than one-fourth of the world's sugar.
One-fourth = 25%. Look at the Sugar row: Brazil is the world's #1 sugar producer with 21% of world production. Since even the top producer only holds 21%, no country can possibly have more than 25%. Answer: Yes.

S2: If Brazil produces less than 20% of the world's supply of any commodity, Brazil is not the world's top exporter of that commodity.
This is a conditional statement — we need to check every commodity where Brazil's production share is below 20% and see if Brazil is still ranked #1 in exports.

Commodities with production below 20%:
- Beef: 16% production, Exports rank = 1 (Counterexample!)
- Chickens: 15% production, Exports rank = 1 (Counterexample!)
- Corn: 8% production, Exports rank = 2
- Cotton: 5% production, Exports rank = 4
- Pork: 4% production, Exports rank = 4

Beef and Chickens both break the rule — Brazil produces less than 20% yet IS the top exporter. Answer: No.

S3: Of the commodities where Brazil ranks first in world exports, Brazil produces more than 20% of the world's supply.
This says for ALL commodities where exports rank = 1, production must be above 20%. Let's list them:
- Beef: Exports rank 1, Production = 16% (Below 20%!)
- Chickens: Exports rank 1, Production = 15% (Below 20%!)
- Coffee: Exports rank 1, Production = 40%
- Orange juice: Exports rank 1, Production = 56%
- Sugar: Exports rank 1, Production = 21%

Beef at 16% and Chickens at 15% are counterexamples — they rank #1 in exports but production is below 20%. Answer: No.

Key trap: S2 and S3 are essentially saying the same thing from different angles. Both require ALL cases to hold true, but Beef and Chickens disprove both.

Answer: Yes, No, No
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Why is there a correlation between Production & Export when none has been marked in the question? It can be a case that countries may be producing but not exporting.
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Why is there a correlation between Production & Export when none has been marked in the question? It can be a case that countries may be producing but not exporting.
No one needs to assume any correlation between production and exports here. Statement 2 is No because the table itself directly disproves it: Brazil produces less than 20% of beef and chickens, yet it is the top exporter of both.
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Yes but we are never asked about the correlation. We have to check the export rank and production % .

Here we take data as it is. There is no question about validity of data
royvarn01
Why is there a correlation between Production & Export when none has been marked in the question? It can be a case that countries may be producing but not exporting.
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