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21 Jan 2020, 07:11
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When the economy is in a recession, overall demand for goods and services is low. If overall demand for goods and services is low, bank interest rates are also low. Therefore, if bank interest rates are not low, the economy is not in a recession.
The reasoning in which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning in the argument above?
(A) If the restaurant is full, the parking lot will be full, and if the parking lot is full, the restaurant is full, so if the parking lot is not full, the restaurant is not full.
(B) If the fish is ready, it is cooked all the way through, and if it is cooked through it will be white, so if the fish is not white, it is not ready.
(C) If pterodactyls flew by flapping their wings, they must have been warm-blooded, so if they were cold-blooded, they must have flown only by gliding, if they flew at all.
(D) If you want to put in pleats, you will have to double the amount of material for the skirt, and that means you will have none left for the top, so if you put in pleats you will not be able to make the top.
(E) If economic forecasters are right, there will be inflation, and if there is inflation, the governing party will lose the election, so if it does lose the election, the economic forecasters were right.
The reasoning in which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning in the argument above?
(A) If the restaurant is full, the parking lot will be full, and if the parking lot is full, the restaurant is full, so if the parking lot is not full, the restaurant is not full.
(B) If the fish is ready, it is cooked all the way through, and if it is cooked through it will be white, so if the fish is not white, it is not ready.
(C) If pterodactyls flew by flapping their wings, they must have been warm-blooded, so if they were cold-blooded, they must have flown only by gliding, if they flew at all.
(D) If you want to put in pleats, you will have to double the amount of material for the skirt, and that means you will have none left for the top, so if you put in pleats you will not be able to make the top.
(E) If economic forecasters are right, there will be inflation, and if there is inflation, the governing party will lose the election, so if it does lose the election, the economic forecasters were right.
06 Feb 2020, 03:06
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Parallel Reasoning-SN. The correct answer choice is (B)
This is a simple conditional linkage and contrapositive reasoning. The diagram of the stimulus is as follows:
Economy Recession ..... :arrow: ..... Demand Low
Demand Low ..... :arrow: ..... Interest Rates Low
Therefore, Interest Rates Low ..... :arrow: ..... Economy Recession
We can see that the conclusion is correct by linking the first and second premise, and drawing the contrapositive: Interest Rates Low ..... :arrow: ..... Demand Low ..... :arrow: ..... Economy Recession
Answer choice (A): Even though it is a correct reasoning in this choice, there is no conditional linkage and thus it does not parallel the stimulus.
Restaurant Full ..... :arrow: ..... Parking Lot Full
Parking Lot Full ..... :arrow: ..... Restaurant Full
Therefore, Parking Lot Full ..... :arrow: ..... Restaurant Full
As we can see, the conclusion is merely the contrapositive of the first premise, and there is no third term and conditional linkage. Thus this is not the correct answer.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer choice. The diagram of this answer choice is as follows:
Fish Ready ..... :arrow: ..... Cooked Through
Cooked Through ..... :arrow: ..... White
Therefore, White ..... :arrow: ..... Fish Ready
We can see that the reasoning is valid by linking the first and second premise, and finding the contrapositive. Thus it perfectly parallels the stimulus' reasoning, and is the correct answer.
Answer choice (C): This answer choice is not correct since there is no conditional linkage and a second premise.
Flew by Flapping Wings ..... :arrow: ..... Warm Blooded
Therefore, Warm Blooded ..... :arrow: ..... Flew by Flapping Wings
It is not the correct answer since there is no second premise, no third term, and no conditional linkage. Thus it does not parallel the stimulus' reasoning.
Answer choice (D): In this case, even though there is conditional linkage, the conclusion is not a contrapositive of the inference, as it is for the stimulus:
Pleats ..... :arrow: ..... Double Material
Double Material ..... :arrow: ..... Not Enough for Top
Therefore, Pleats ..... :arrow: ..... Not Enough for Top
Even though there are two premises and conditional linkage, the conclusion is not a contrapositive of the inference, as it is for the stimulus. Thus this is not the correct answer.
Answer choice (E): This answer is incorrect since it is a mistaken reversal.
Forecasters Right ..... :arrow: ..... Inflation
Inflation ..... :arrow: ..... Government Lose Election
Therefore, Government Lose Election ..... :arrow: ..... Forecasters Right
As we can see, the conclusion is a mistaken reversal of the inference between the first and second premise. Thus it is not a valid reasoning and not the correct answer.
This is a simple conditional linkage and contrapositive reasoning. The diagram of the stimulus is as follows:
Economy Recession ..... :arrow: ..... Demand Low
Demand Low ..... :arrow: ..... Interest Rates Low
Therefore, Interest Rates Low ..... :arrow: ..... Economy Recession
We can see that the conclusion is correct by linking the first and second premise, and drawing the contrapositive: Interest Rates Low ..... :arrow: ..... Demand Low ..... :arrow: ..... Economy Recession
Answer choice (A): Even though it is a correct reasoning in this choice, there is no conditional linkage and thus it does not parallel the stimulus.
Restaurant Full ..... :arrow: ..... Parking Lot Full
Parking Lot Full ..... :arrow: ..... Restaurant Full
Therefore, Parking Lot Full ..... :arrow: ..... Restaurant Full
As we can see, the conclusion is merely the contrapositive of the first premise, and there is no third term and conditional linkage. Thus this is not the correct answer.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer choice. The diagram of this answer choice is as follows:
Fish Ready ..... :arrow: ..... Cooked Through
Cooked Through ..... :arrow: ..... White
Therefore, White ..... :arrow: ..... Fish Ready
We can see that the reasoning is valid by linking the first and second premise, and finding the contrapositive. Thus it perfectly parallels the stimulus' reasoning, and is the correct answer.
Answer choice (C): This answer choice is not correct since there is no conditional linkage and a second premise.
Flew by Flapping Wings ..... :arrow: ..... Warm Blooded
Therefore, Warm Blooded ..... :arrow: ..... Flew by Flapping Wings
It is not the correct answer since there is no second premise, no third term, and no conditional linkage. Thus it does not parallel the stimulus' reasoning.
Answer choice (D): In this case, even though there is conditional linkage, the conclusion is not a contrapositive of the inference, as it is for the stimulus:
Pleats ..... :arrow: ..... Double Material
Double Material ..... :arrow: ..... Not Enough for Top
Therefore, Pleats ..... :arrow: ..... Not Enough for Top
Even though there are two premises and conditional linkage, the conclusion is not a contrapositive of the inference, as it is for the stimulus. Thus this is not the correct answer.
Answer choice (E): This answer is incorrect since it is a mistaken reversal.
Forecasters Right ..... :arrow: ..... Inflation
Inflation ..... :arrow: ..... Government Lose Election
Therefore, Government Lose Election ..... :arrow: ..... Forecasters Right
As we can see, the conclusion is a mistaken reversal of the inference between the first and second premise. Thus it is not a valid reasoning and not the correct answer.
24 Aug 2022, 11:12
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Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!
Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).
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Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).
Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
