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ashutosh_73
Hi AjiteshArun,

Below is the correct OG version of the sentence.
Although i got this question correct, i think my understanding about the uses of ''while'' is incorrect. Obviously, OG can't go wrong about it.

My understanding about uses of ''WHILE'':
''While" can be used in two different ways:
1. "While" can mean "whereas" and indicate that a contrast is being expressed,
2. OR it can mean "at the time when''

Is it that, while using ''WHILE'' to show contrast, the two ICs on the either side should be parallel?

Correct OG sentence: While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.

Thanks :please: :please:
Hi ashutosh_73,

You're right about while: while as a conjunction (while can also act as a noun or a verb) can be used either to introduce a contrast or to mean ~at the same time.

While is, however, a subordinating conjunction. It never introduces an independent clause. You can go through this video and this video for more information on this.

More generally, we don't necessarily need the subjects of two clauses to be the same. Here are a few very simple examples:
1. Although he has taken the GMAT, his friends have not.

2. Ram did not like the burger, but Shyam's dog did.

3. The plane crashed, but the pilot survived.
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Quick question, Could you comment on the usage of "as well as" in the non-underlined portion. I just want to know which of the following is/are correct:
1. X, Y, as well as Z
2. X, and Y, as well as Z

In this question. isn't "types and amounts of waste produced" one entity? and thus we have X, as well as Y
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Hoozan
Quick question, Could you comment on the usage of "as well as" in the non-underlined portion. I just want to know which of the following is/are correct:
1. X, Y, as well as Z
2. X, and Y, as well as Z

In this question. isn't "types and amounts of waste produced" one entity? and thus we have X, as well as Y

ELLIPSIS is the omission of words whose presence is implied.
In the OA, the bracketed words below are omitted but implied:
OA: The predominating industries determine the types [of waste produced] and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.
The portion in blue is composed of TWO entities: the TYPES and the AMOUNTS.
The purpose of COMMA + as well as is to convey that the red entity that follows -- the cost -- is not as important as the two preceding blue entities connected by the conjunction and (the types and the amounts).
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Hoozan
Quick question, Could you comment on the usage of "as well as" in the non-underlined portion. I just want to know which of the following is/are correct:
1. X, Y, as well as Z
2. X, and Y, as well as Z

In this question. isn't "types and amounts of waste produced" one entity? and thus we have X, as well as Y

1. X, Y, as well as Z - Not correct. We must use 'and' before Z is all three are equivalent elements.

2. X, and Y, as well as Z - Correct. There are two equivalent elements X and Y. There is another element Z which is not as important.

'types of waste produced" and "amounts of waste produced" are X and Y respectively.
Z is the "cost of disposal" which is secondary.
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