While Raphael fills his canvases with beautiful creatures from another realm, Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us.
While is used to show/link two ideas that contrast with each other.
A. While Raphael fills his canvases with beautiful creatures from another realm, Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us. The sentence is grammatically correct, concise and clear in meaning.
B. While Raphael's canvases are filled with beautiful creatures from another realm, Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us. Raphael's canvasses is compared to Rembrandt - Incorrect comparison/contrast
C. Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us while Raphael's canvases are filled with beautiful creatures from another realm. Same issue as in B. In addition, a comma is missing after 'us'.
D. While the canvases of Raphael are filled with beautiful creatures from another realm, Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us. same issue as in B
E. Raphael, whose canvases are filled with beautiful creatures from another realm, while Rembrandt draws his material from the common world around us. Awkward sentence structure. Usage of modifier - whose canvases are filled with ... spoils the intended contrast.
Answer A