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While the average age of its population is below 40 years, the annual GDP of a nation is expected to rise at a rate above 5 percent annually and then
as the average age of its population increases beyond 40 years, {the annual GDP of a nation is expected to} stabilizing at 3 percent, a growth rate that will mainly be driven by addition of higher quality services.

the annual GDP of a nation is expected to stabilize at 3 percent is correct. A and D are out

B. to stabilize at 3 percent, a growth rate that will mainly be driven by - clear and concise. Correct

C. and then to stabilize at 3 percent, with such a growth rate, driving. If we see the sentence by inserting option C, we get -
While the average age of its population is below 40 years, the annual GDP of a nation is expected to rise at a rate above 5 percent annually and then as the average age of its population increases beyond 40 years, and then to stabilize at 3 percent, with such a growth rate, driving addition of higher quality services.
Awkward sentence structure and the intended meaning is lost.

D. stabilizing at 3 percent, that results in a growth rate that will mainly be driven by
In addition, the usage of that clauses in the end is wordy.

E. to stabilize at 3 percent, which will result in a growth rate that will mainly be driven by
This answer choice alters the meaning by using ",which modifier" - ,which modifies 3 percent, implying 3 percent will result in a growth rate. But 3 percent is itself a growth rate. Also in comparison to B, option E is more wordy.

Answer B
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