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Kudos
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
87% (00:50) correct
13%
(01:00)
wrong
based on 3382
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
(A) flames spreading
(B) flame spreads
(C) flames are caused to spread
(D) causing flames to spread
(E) causing spreading of the flames
(A) flames spreading
(B) flame spreads
(C) flames are caused to spread
(D) causing flames to spread
(E) causing spreading of the flames
17 May 2018, 15:38
Kudos
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sztiwari
Zemy
Hi Zemy , no, A is not correct.
The word "making" in option A applies to both ignition and flames, this way:
making ignition much easier and
making flames spreading more quickly
Make is a special verb.
In A, the special verb "make" is constructed incorrectly.
That failure leads to a lack of parallelism in meaning.
1) Special class of verbs: causative verbs in general
"Make" is in a special class of verbs called "causative verbs."
Causative verbs indicate that someone/something is causing an action or event to occur.
There are "general" causative verbs such as
allow, require, help, persuade, cause, force, persuade
Causative verbs follow a very particular structure:
SPECIAL VERB + PERSON/THING + INFINITIVE/BARE INFINITIVE
A "bare infinitive" or a "base-form verb" = infinitive without "to"
The teacher allowed him to watch the video.
GMAT rules require testers to be timed.
The drill sergeant had the recruits wash the latrines.
The wind caused the flames to spread more quickly.
2) Three strict cases of verbs must be followed by the bare infinitive
Strict cases of special causative verbs: make, let, and have
These three verbs are in a class of their own.
Their construction is in this form:
SPECIAL VERB + NOUN + BARE INFINITIVE(also called "base-form")
The causative verbs make, let, and have are followed by bare infinitives .
There are very few exceptions.
Make the child study.
Let the rushed person exit first.
Have your sister call me.
Read more about causative verbs here.
3) This sentence and Answer A's problems
In this sentence, "making" is used in a causative sense.
Special conditions under which fire is in an enclosed space end up
making ignition easier and the spread of flames more swift.
That sentence is not an answer choice.
Assuming that Option D were not an option,
Option A would have to be written this way:
making . . . flames spread more quickly
Correct. MAKING + FLAMES + SPREAD more quickly
making . . .flames spreading more quickly
100% incorrect.
"Spreading" is NOT in the base infinitive form.
That error in construction is enough to reject A.
In addition, the construction error leads to a change in meaning, which in turn
leads to a lack of parallelism.
A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel,
making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
"making ignition easier" indicates that the ignition is being altered so that it becomes easier.
"making flames spreading more quickly" indicates that flames are being created.
The intended meaning of the sentence indicates that certain conditions make other events change.
being changed ≠ being created
Option A has a clear grammar error and
is not parallel with the meaning of "making another event happen differently."
The correct answer is D.
Hope that helps.
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