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A group of scientists studying calcium metabolism in laboratory rats discovered that removing the rats’ parathyroid glands resulted in the rats’ having substantially lower than normal levels of calcium in their blood. This discovery led the scientists to hypothesize that the function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood by raising that level when it falls below the normal range. In a further experiment, the scientists removed not only the parathyroid gland but also the adrenal gland from rats. They made the surprising discovery that the level of calcium in the rats’ blood decreased much less sharply than when the parathyroid gland alone was removed.
Which one of the following, if true, explains the surprising discovery in a way most consistent with the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) The adrenal gland acts to lower the level of calcium in the blood.
(B) The adrenal gland and the parathyroid gland play the same role in regulating calcium blood levels.
(C) The absence of a parathyroid gland causes the adrenal gland to increase the level of calcium in the blood.
(D) If the adrenal gland, and no other gland, of a rat were removed, the rat’s calcium level would remain stable.
(E) The only function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
Which one of the following, if true, explains the surprising discovery in a way most consistent with the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) The adrenal gland acts to lower the level of calcium in the blood.
(B) The adrenal gland and the parathyroid gland play the same role in regulating calcium blood levels.
(C) The absence of a parathyroid gland causes the adrenal gland to increase the level of calcium in the blood.
(D) If the adrenal gland, and no other gland, of a rat were removed, the rat’s calcium level would remain stable.
(E) The only function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
19 May 2009, 02:27
Kudos
Bookmarks
Clearly A
remove Parathyroid -->decrease level of calcium
both remove Parathyroid & Adrenal --> decrease but less than before
--> remove Adrenal -->increase level of calcium
--> not remove Adrenal (remains in rat's body) --> decrease level of calcium
A group of scientists studying calcium metabolism in laboratory rats discovered that removing the rats’ parathyroid glands resulted in the rats’ having substantially lower than normal levels of calcium in their blood. This discovery led the scientists to hypothesize that the function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood by raising that level when it falls below the normal range. In a further experiment, the scientists removed not only the parathyroid gland but also the adrenal gland from rats. They made the surprising discovery that the level of calcium in the rats’ blood decreased much less sharply than when the parathyroid gland alone was removed.
Which one of the following, if true, explains the surprising discovery in a way most consistent with the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) The adrenal gland acts to lower the level of calcium in the blood --> best
(B) The adrenal gland and the parathyroid gland play the same role in regulating calcium blood levels -->no, they play opposite roles
(C) The absence of a parathyroid gland causes the adrenal gland to increase the level of calcium in the blood -->counter
(D) If the adrenal gland, and no other gland, of a rat were removed, the rat’s calcium level would remain stable -->of course not
(E) The only function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood -->this is impressive, however, only seems too strong, and this is not the surprising discovery of the scientist about rats
remove Parathyroid -->decrease level of calcium
both remove Parathyroid & Adrenal --> decrease but less than before
--> remove Adrenal -->increase level of calcium
--> not remove Adrenal (remains in rat's body) --> decrease level of calcium
A group of scientists studying calcium metabolism in laboratory rats discovered that removing the rats’ parathyroid glands resulted in the rats’ having substantially lower than normal levels of calcium in their blood. This discovery led the scientists to hypothesize that the function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood by raising that level when it falls below the normal range. In a further experiment, the scientists removed not only the parathyroid gland but also the adrenal gland from rats. They made the surprising discovery that the level of calcium in the rats’ blood decreased much less sharply than when the parathyroid gland alone was removed.
Which one of the following, if true, explains the surprising discovery in a way most consistent with the scientists’ hypothesis?
(A) The adrenal gland acts to lower the level of calcium in the blood --> best
(B) The adrenal gland and the parathyroid gland play the same role in regulating calcium blood levels -->no, they play opposite roles
(C) The absence of a parathyroid gland causes the adrenal gland to increase the level of calcium in the blood -->counter
(D) If the adrenal gland, and no other gland, of a rat were removed, the rat’s calcium level would remain stable -->of course not
(E) The only function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood -->this is impressive, however, only seems too strong, and this is not the surprising discovery of the scientist about rats
General Discussion
29 Aug 2019, 02:19
Kudos
Bookmarks
sondenso Mentions it well but I'd like to simplify the thought process
Consider parathyroid glands as a Positive sign (+) and consider adrenal glands as a Negative sign (-)
Now we all want to have +ve factors in our lives and discard the -ve ones. This is precisely what is happening. When we remove parathyroid glands ( a +ve factor) we see something bad happening (calcium level falls sharply) So now we have only a -ve factor ---> very bad situation
BUT when we also remove the adrenal glands, a -ve factor, something good (or rather something less bad happens) i,e.. the calcium level falls bet less sharply
To sum it up :-
No parathyroid glands --> only negative factor present (adrenal glands) --> sharp fall in calcium level
No adrenal glands --> only positive factor present (parathyroid glands)--> no fall in calcium level
Combining both --> No (+) and no (-) --> middle ground i,e.. fall in calcium level (but not sharp fall)
TAKEAWAY - Create analogies in your head and relate to the argument
1) no positive factor and only negative factor present --> VERY BAD
2) no negative factor and only positive factor present --> VERY GOOD
3) no positive and no negative factor present --> middle ground ( better that (1) but worse than (2) )
Consider parathyroid glands as a Positive sign (+) and consider adrenal glands as a Negative sign (-)
Now we all want to have +ve factors in our lives and discard the -ve ones. This is precisely what is happening. When we remove parathyroid glands ( a +ve factor) we see something bad happening (calcium level falls sharply) So now we have only a -ve factor ---> very bad situation
BUT when we also remove the adrenal glands, a -ve factor, something good (or rather something less bad happens) i,e.. the calcium level falls bet less sharply
To sum it up :-
No parathyroid glands --> only negative factor present (adrenal glands) --> sharp fall in calcium level
No adrenal glands --> only positive factor present (parathyroid glands)--> no fall in calcium level
Combining both --> No (+) and no (-) --> middle ground i,e.. fall in calcium level (but not sharp fall)
TAKEAWAY - Create analogies in your head and relate to the argument
1) no positive factor and only negative factor present --> VERY BAD
2) no negative factor and only positive factor present --> VERY GOOD
3) no positive and no negative factor present --> middle ground ( better that (1) but worse than (2) )
