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A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later.

A. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later
B. Buried since approximately 1300 B.C., an ancient Chinese weapon had been recently determined by a scientist to be encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to be invented 1,000 years later
C. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later, after having been buried since approximately 1300 B.C.
D. After being buried since approximately 1300 B.C., a scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later
E. A recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., has been determined to be covered with silk by a scientist, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later

Hi, although I think (A) and (C) are the only choices which sounds right to start with,
I want to know whether we can rule out (B), (D), (E) straight away from the choices, please.

All the choices, except A, either have modifier errors or change the meaning of the original sentence.

A. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, (describes the weapon) buried since approximately 1300 B.C., is encrusted with silk, (describes silk) a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later

B. Buried since approximately 1300 B.C., an ancient Chinese weapon had been recently determined by a scientist to be encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to be invented 1,000 years later - This option omits the fact that the weapon is recently discovered, which changes the meaning of the original sentence. Also uses wrong form of Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + verb-ing)
C. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later, (what was buried? silk or weapon) after having been buried since approximately 1300 B.C. - Modifier error
D. After being buried since approximately 1300 B.C. (modifies scientist), a scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later - This sentence means the scientist was buried since 1300 B.C. :lol:
E. A recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., has been determined (who determined) to be covered with silk by a scientist (so a scientist covered the weapon with silk), (modifies scientist) a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later - All sorts of modifier errors
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The sentence has no salient errors as it stands. It makes sense, the subject and verb ("weapon" and "is") are in agreement, and the verb tenses are fine. There is no obvious difference among the remaining choices, so let's go through each. (B) features a few verb tense problems; it uses "had been determined" for no good reason, and it uses "to be invented" to describe an occurrence that took place in the past. (C) misplaces a modifier; "after having been buried" should modify the weapon, but the structure of this choice uses it to modify the fabric. Likewise, (D) uses the same modifier to describe the scientist. (E) is incorrect because the scientist did not cover the weapon with silk, and the scientist is not a fabric. This choice contains serious modification errors.

Choice (A) is correct.
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goodyear2013
A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later.


A. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later

B. Buried since approximately 1300 B.C., an ancient Chinese weapon had been recently determined by a scientist to be encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to be invented 1,000 years later

C. A scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later, after having been buried since approximately 1300 B.C.

D. After being buried since approximately 1300 B.C., a scientist has determined that a recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon is encrusted with silk, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later

E. A recently discovered ancient Chinese weapon, buried since approximately 1300 B.C., has been determined to be covered with silk by a scientist, a fabric previously thought to have been invented 1,000 years later


Hi, although I think (A) and (C) are the only choices which sounds right to start with,
I want to know whether we can rule out (B), (D), (E) straight away from the choices, please.

KAPLAN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



A

(B) and (C) contain errors of verb tense. The invention of silk is something that happened in the past, so be is wrong. Also, the past perfect had been in (B) makes it sound as if the analysis of the weapon took place before its burial, which makes no sense. What's more, (C), (D), and (E) all contain misplaced modifiers. In (C), after having been buried since approximately 1300 B.C. seems to modify silk; besides, silk could hardly have been invented after being buried. In (D), after being buried since approximately 1300 a c seems to modify a scientist. (E) has a nearly identical modification problem. The original structure, (A), is best.
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