Competition Mode Question
A study concludes that the Indus civilization, which existed 6,000 years ago, experienced violence and disease of such severity
they eroded the ability of the population to stay in their cities and, the result is, to remain intact as a civilization.
A. they eroded the ability of the population to stay in their cities and, the result is, to remain
B. that they eroded the ability of the population to stay in their cities and, as a result, to remain
C. that they eroded the ability of the population to stay in their cities and, the result of this, they were unable to remain
D. that they eroded the ability of the population to stay in their cities, and resulted in being unable to remain
E. as to erode the ability of the population for staying in their cities, resulting in being unable to remain
Creating a filter: in the sentence as written, the first thing we notice is that the word "that" is missing: "such severity that they." Our ear tells us this and "such... that" is a prior idiom.
Applying the filter: choices (B) through (D) fix the problem in the way we expect. (C) has an unnecessary pronoun with no reference in "this," and (D) has an unnecessary gerund "being." Both (C) and (D) also have basic errors in connecting clauses with conjunctions: (C) throws one into the middle of the sentence as if it were an appositive, which it isn't, and (D) inserts a comma without adding or re-mentioning the subject. Choice (E) is missing the word "that" and includes the gerund "being" without cause.