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Bunuel
A study of energy consumption revealed that homeowners living within 100 miles of the Gulf of Mexico used less energy from November 1 to April 30 than did homeowners in any other region of the United States. The same study found that from May 1 to October 31, those same homeowners used more energy than any other homeowners.

Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the facts above?

(A) People who own homes near the Gulf of Mexico often own second homes in cooler locations, where they spend the summers.

(B) Air conditioning a home is a more energy efficient process than heating a similarly sized home.

(C) Homes near the Gulf of Mexico require very little heating during the warm winters, but air conditioners must run longer in the summer to cool the warm, humid air.

(D) The average daily temperature is lower year-round near the Gulf of Mexico than in other areas of the United States.

(E) Because of the large number of refineries located in the Gulf region, the price of energy there is less than in any other area of the country.


­
The question stem provides a comparison between two seasons of a region - Gulf of Mexico. The two seasons which is compared are : November 1 to April 30 and May 1 to October 31. The core issue is regarding the consumption of electricity between these seasons with respect to rest of USA (ROU).

During November 1 to April 30 : the power consumption is low compared to ROU.

During May 1 to October 31: the power consumption is high compared to ROU.

we need to STRENGTHEN.

(A) People who own homes near the Gulf of Mexico often own second homes in cooler locations, where they spend the summers.

If people move out of a region during summers to evade hot weather, the consumption would be bare minimal.This option contradicts the question stem saying, power consumption was high during this season. Eliminated.

(B) Air conditioning a home is a more energy efficient process than heating a similarly sized home.

Even though energy efficiency is linked to power consumption, there seems no correlation with the seasons mentioned in questions stem. Hence out of scope.

(C) Homes near the Gulf of Mexico require very little heating during the warm winters, but air conditioners must run longer in the summer to cool the warm, humid air.

This explanation directly compares and provides a relationship between both parts of the study. Mild winters necessitate less heating (lower energy use Nov-Apr), while hot, humid summers demand more air conditioning (higher energy use May-Oct), hence the variance in power consumption with respect to ROU.


(D) The average daily temperature is lower year-round near the Gulf of Mexico than in other areas of the United States.

If the average daily temperature is LOWER year round, which means consumption should also be low year round. But, the question stem is contradictory to this option. Eliminated.

(E) Because of the large number of refineries located in the Gulf region, the price of energy there is less than in any other area of the country.

Large number of refineries means easy access to low cost resources. The supply cost might be low, neglecting the transmission cost and infrastructure needed to transport electricity to far away regions. If easy access might lead to low prices per unit consumption of energy. The consumption might be higher in all seasons. This doesn’t provide any logical explanation to support the claim. Hence, eliminated..

OPTION C
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Bunuel
A study of energy consumption revealed that homeowners living within 100 miles of the Gulf of Mexico used less energy from November 1 to April 30 than did homeowners in any other region of the United States. The same study found that from May 1 to October 31, those same homeowners used more energy than any other homeowners.

Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the facts above?

(A) People who own homes near the Gulf of Mexico often own second homes in cooler locations, where they spend the summers.

(B) Air conditioning a home is a more energy efficient process than heating a similarly sized home.

(C) Homes near the Gulf of Mexico require very little heating during the warm winters, but air conditioners must run longer in the summer to cool the warm, humid air.

(D) The average daily temperature is lower year-round near the Gulf of Mexico than in other areas of the United States.

(E) Because of the large number of refineries located in the Gulf region, the price of energy there is less than in any other area of the country.


OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



C. This critical-reasoning question asks you to strengthen the argument by providing a piece to the cause-and-effect pattern. With cause-and-effect questions, you select the answer choice that could logically cause the effects noted in the premises. So for this problem, you have to decide which of the five choices helps explain why Gulf Coast homes use little energy in the winter and a great deal of energy in the summer. Without even looking at the answer choices, you may conclude that the Gulf Coast climate is milder than other parts of the nation in the winter and perhaps hotter in the summer. The correct answer probably addresses that issue.

You can eliminate Choice (A) because if most Gulf Coast residents spend the summer elsewhere, their vacant homes would use less energy during summer months rather than more. This answer would produce the opposite effect of that explained in the argument. Choice (B) would also produce the opposite effect of that found in the argument. Another important reason for eliminating Choice (B) is that it doesn’t provide a way of comparing energy use in the Gulf region to energy use in the rest of the country, which is the real issue in this argument.

Choice (C) sounds like the answer we imagined before reading through the choices. It explains why the Gulf region would have lower energy use in winter and higher use in summer, which may explain why it’s different from the rest of the country as a whole. Although Choice (C) is probably the correct answer, read through the remaining two choices
just to be sure.

Choice (D) doesn’t work because a region that’s cool year-round would have high energy consumption in the winter for heat and low consumption in the summer. And you can eliminate Choice (E) because the argument is about energy consumption, not energy price. So the correct answer is Choice (C).
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