A wild American alligator grows to about 10 feet long, but one kept as a pet can suffer from cramped housing, which stunts the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbates the premature loss of teeth, and prevents those teeth from growing back at the proper angles.
Slash & burn:
An alligator kept as a pet can suffer from cramped housing, which stunts X, exacerbates Y, and prevents Z.
All the verbs in the modifier is parallel (stunts, exacerbates, prevents). 'which' correctly modifies the "cramped housing".
Original sentence is correct, let's eliminate the other choices.
A) which stunts the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbates the premature loss of teeth, and prevents those teeth from growing backThe correct choice is A with no error noticed.
B) which stunts the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbates the premature loss of teeth, prevented from growing backprevented is not parallel with the other verbs in the list and the list is missing conjunction, 'and'. Eliminate
C) that stunts the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbating the premature loss of teeth, only to prevent them from growing backparticiple 'exacerbating' is not parallel to 'stunts'. Eliminate
D) stunting the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbating the premature loss of teeth, only to prevent them from growing back'only to prevent' is not parallel to other items in the list (stunting, exacerbating). EliminateE) stunting the development of the alligator’s jaw, exacerbating the premature loss of teeth, preventing them from growing back-ing modifiers are supposed to modify the verb, 'can suffer'. Here the modifiers are far away and misplaced. Eliminate