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sanehigh
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If these confuse you, you should thoroughly study many rules about them. I'd recommend you to take look at wonderful egmat's articles on modifiers. Here is the link.
In short: modifiers should stand as close as possible to the noun they modify. (there are exceptions, of course)

2. that usually modifies the preceding noun - town here
3. Logically, the cake should be nice. IMO on GMAT this sentence might be considered incorrect, as John could also be nice.
'The cake in the kitchen, which is nice, is eaten by John' would be more clear.

5. which modifies the whole phrase 'the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918'.
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Thanks a lot. In my impression, the modifier refers to the closetest noun. In that case, would the modifier in sentence 5 refers to the First World War instead of the whole phrase?


kivalo
If these confuse you, you should thoroughly study many rules about them. I'd recommend you to take look at wonderful egmat's articles on modifiers. Here is the
In short: modifiers should stand as close as possible to the noun they modify. (there are exceptions, of course)

2. that usually modifies the preceding noun - town here
3. Logically, the cake should be nice. IMO on GMAT this sentence might be considered incorrect, as John could also be nice.
'The cake in the kitchen, which is nice, is eaten by John' would be more clear.

5. which modifies the whole phrase 'the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918'.
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I should have written noun or noun phrase. In 5 which correctly modifies preceding noun phrase. Whether it modifies only the preceding noun or the whole phrase depends on the meaning. Do check the links I've posted.
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kivalo
If these confuse you, you should thoroughly study many rules about them. I'd recommend you to take look at wonderful egmat's articles on modifiers. Here is the link.
In short: modifiers should stand as close as possible to the noun they modify. (there are exceptions, of course)

2. that usually modifies the preceding noun - town here
3. Logically, the cake should be nice. IMO on GMAT this sentence might be considered incorrect, as John could also be nice.
'The cake in the kitchen, which is nice, is eaten by John' would be more clear.

5. which modifies the whole phrase 'the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918'.


I thought the same about 3.
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sanehigh
Hi all, i'm new to the forum. Nice to meet you!

I would like to know which part of these sentences does their modifiers modify.

(1) The dog of the fire station, which is very big, jump out of a car

(2) The dog of the fire station at the end of town that is very big, is running

(3) The cake in the kitchen is eaten by John that is nice

(4) Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. <<<<< [[[[modify Visitors or monkeys or could be both?]]]]

(5) What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities <<<<<<<[[[[modify "What" or "the return" or "African American Soldiers" or "1918" or "could be anything?]]]]

Secondly, I would like to know which part is the modifier of this sentence and which of the sentence does the modifier modify

(6) In these difficult economic times, those who have public pensions – veterans, mail workers, firemen, and others – are being pursued strongly by pension advance companies, which operate without much oversight from banking regulators but are now drawing scrutiny from several other government organizations.

1. station
2. town
3. John - this usage is incorrect. the noun modifier must be placed near the noun it modifies. It can modify a slightly farther noun ONLY if there is a noun phrase. To modify a person, we need to use who/whose/whom. "that" is never correctly used on GMAT when it refers to a person.
4. monkeys - it is correctly modifying monkeys - monkeys is the "head" of the noun phrase monkeys sleeping on the branches. moreover, I don't think the "like" is used correctly here. Like is correctly used in comparison only when comparing 2 nouns or noun phrases.
5. war
6. companies.

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