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805+ Level|   Non-Math Related|            
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According to a particular version of the law of unintended consequences policies implemented to achieve certain ends often have the consequence of making it more difficult to achieve those ends. Suppose that a government agency has announced its intention to enforce existing policies whereby communications utilizing agency channels and equipment are subject to monitoring, with employees to be investigated and potentially dismissed if they are found to be breaking the rules or not doing their jobs.

In different rows of the table, select a situation P and a situation R such that, if the agency’s announcement was intended to discourage P but inadvertently encouraged R, the combined situation would best illustrate the principle described in the passage. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Given: According to the law, policies implemented to achieve certain ends often have the consequence of making it more difficult to achieve those ends i.e. the policies have opposite effect.

A govt agency's policy: Agency channels will be monitored with consequences for employees not doing their jobs.

P would be something for which the policy was announced - say to discourage wastage of time or to discourage sharing sensitive data etc.
R would be something which got encouraged because of the policy.

We need to select P and R such that the policy of monitoring agency channels was brought in to discourage P (which is a problematic situation requiring rectification) but it led to encouraging R which in turn makes it harder to discourage P - the policy had opposite effect.
First let's look for P - a problem situation for which the policy could have been brought into effect.


Evidence of employee misconduct sometimes being reliable enough to result in disciplinary action.

Cannot be P. Is not a problem situation. Ignore for now.

Employees frequently using private mobile phones and email accounts even when conducting company business.

Is a problem situation but seems unlikely that it is P. How will monitoring agency channels help in reducing company business on private channels? Private channels need to be monitored for that.
In any case, we will see.

Investigations into employee misconduct remaining open until definitive proof of wrongdoing is obtained.

Cannot be P. Is not a problem situation. Ignore for now.

Employees spending large amounts of time at work on social media and other non-work-related activities.

Is a problem for which the policy could be brought in. Could be P.

Employees reducing their time spent at work on social media and other non-work-related activities.

Not a problem. Cannot be P.

So now P = Employees spending large amounts of time at work on social media and other non-work-related activities.
It could have led to employees switching to private channels for social media etc and then also conducting company business on private channels. Hence it could encourage "Employees frequently using private mobile phones and email accounts even when conducting company business." Now keeping tabs on employees and avoiding time wastage has become even harder.

Therefore, R = Employees frequently using private mobile phones and email accounts even when conducting company business.



Select statements 4 and 2 for P and R respectively.
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Basically we need to identify two answers that are related to the topic of [communications utilizing agency channels and equipment are subject to monitoring], or [phone surveillance] in short. The only difference is that P needs to be explicitly stated in the passage, which is [if they are found to be breaking the rules or not doing their jobs.], while Q needs to introduce a new information.
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