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According to medieval monks, the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191,
and Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."
(A) and Arthur’s coffin marked with the inscription
(B) Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription
(C) and the inscription was marked on Arthur's coffin
(D) the inscription that was marked on the coffin of Arthur
(E) the Coffin of Arthur had the inscription marked
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Grammatical Construuction + Awkwardness/Redundancy• Semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses; commas are used to link an independent clause with a dependent one; comma cannot be used to join two independent clauses.
• A comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with a semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.
A: Trap.
1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses the "comma + conjunction ("and" in this sentence)" construction to join an independent clause to a dependent clause; remember, semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses; commas are used to link an independent clause with a dependent one.
B: Correct.1/ This answer choice uses the phrase "Arthur's coffin marked with", conveying the intended meaning - that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was
found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."
2/ Option B correctly uses a comma to join an independent clause to a dependent clause.
3/ Option B is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
C: Trap.
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the clause "the inscription was marked on Arthur's coffin"; the construction of this clause and the parallelism between the verbs "were found" and "was marked" incorrectly imply that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was
then marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."; the intended meaning is that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was
found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."
D:1/ This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy and indirect construction "the inscription that was marked on the coffin of Arthur", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
E:1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses a comma to join two independent clauses; remember, a comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with a semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.
2/ Option E uses the needlessly wordy phrase "Coffin of Arthur", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
Hence, B is the best answer choice.To understand the concept of "Comma Splices and Run-Ons" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~5 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team