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How in the correct option, inscription (singular) can modify the plural noun (remains)?

Please assist with this query.

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Vighnesh Kamath
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How in the correct option, inscription (singular) can modify the plural noun (remains)?

Please assist with this query.

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Vighnesh Kamath

Hello VIGHNESHKAMATH,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can resolve your doubt.

In the correct answer choice, the plural noun phrase "remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere" is modified by the phrase "Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription"; what this conveys is that "Arthur's coffin" is a component of the "remains" and is marked with a certain inscription.

To understand this better, consider the following sentence - "The chef overcooked all the dishes, the bread completely burnt.": This sentence conveys that "the bread" is one of the "dishes" and it was completely burnt.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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How in the correct option, inscription (singular) can modify the plural noun (remains)?

Please assist with this query.

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Vighnesh Kamath

"Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription" is an absolute phrase.

appositive (noun) + participle = absolute phrase

The appositive in this case is "coffin." The participle is "marked."

Side note: "inscription" isn't actually the main modifier here at all. "with the inscription" is a prepositional phrase modifying "marked."

An absolute phrase modifies the entire clause to which it is attached, rather than just a single word. So the modifier "Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription" isn't actually modifying "remains," and there is no issue of agreement here.
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IanStewart GMATNinja ExpertsGlobal5 I read somewhere that the colon must be preceded by an Independent Clause, but this question is not following this rule. Why?
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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
tonebeeze
According to medieval monks, the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."


(A) and Arthur’s coffin marked with the inscription

(B) Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription

(C) and the inscription was marked on Arthur's coffin

(D) the inscription that was marked on the coffin of Arthur

(E) the Coffin of Arthur had the inscription marked

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Grammatical Construuction + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• Semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses; commas are used to link an independent clause with a dependent one; comma cannot be used to join two independent clauses.
• A comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with a semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.

A: Trap.
1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses the "comma + conjunction ("and" in this sentence)" construction to join an independent clause to a dependent clause; remember, semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses; commas are used to link an independent clause with a dependent one.

B: Correct.
1/ This answer choice uses the phrase "Arthur's coffin marked with", conveying the intended meaning - that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."
2/ Option B correctly uses a comma to join an independent clause to a dependent clause.
3/ Option B is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

C: Trap.
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the clause "the inscription was marked on Arthur's coffin"; the construction of this clause and the parallelism between the verbs "were found" and "was marked" incorrectly imply that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was then marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."; the intended meaning is that the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin was found to have been marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."

D:
1/ This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy and indirect construction "the inscription that was marked on the coffin of Arthur", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

E:
1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses a comma to join two independent clauses; remember, a comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with a semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as "and", "but" etc.
2/ Option E uses the needlessly wordy phrase "Coffin of Arthur", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

Hence, B is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Comma Splices and Run-Ons" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~5 minutes):



All the best!
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IanStewart GMATNinja ExpertsGlobal5 I read somewhere that the colon must be preceded by an Independent Clause, but this question is not following this rule. Why?

Hello bv8562,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, this is not the case; one of the functions of the colon is to link related, independent clauses, but it can also be used to introduce examples, lists, and answers/solutions.

So, colons need not always be preceded by independent clauses.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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IanStewart GMATNinja ExpertsGlobal5 I read somewhere that the colon must be preceded by an Independent Clause, but this question is not following this rule. Why?

Hello bv8562,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, this is not the case; one of the functions of the colon is to link related, independent clauses, but it can also be used to introduce examples, lists, and answers/solutions.

So, colons need not always be preceded by independent clauses.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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ExpertsGlobal5 In the following article it is clearly stated that a colon must be preceded by an independent clause: a fully formed thought that could stand as a sentence on its own. :?

https://www.scribbr.com/language-rules/colons/
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bv8562

In the following article it is clearly stated that a colon must be preceded by an independent clause: a fully formed thought that could stand as a sentence on its own. :?

https://www.scribbr.com/language-rules/colons/

They're correctly describing one common use of a colon (to indicate that the subsequent text elaborates on what precedes the colon). But a colon can be used in a variety of ways, and they just seem to be ignoring some of those usages. When a colon is used to introduce a list, or a quote, for example, it is not always true that what precedes the colon needs to be able to stand alone as a sentence (as the question in this thread illustrates). So that article is wrong.
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bv8562
IanStewart GMATNinja ExpertsGlobal5 I read somewhere that the colon must be preceded by an Independent Clause, but this question is not following this rule. Why?

Hello bv8562,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, this is not the case; one of the functions of the colon is to link related, independent clauses, but it can also be used to introduce examples, lists, and answers/solutions.

So, colons need not always be preceded by independent clauses.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

ExpertsGlobal5 In the following article it is clearly stated that a colon must be preceded by an independent clause: a fully formed thought that could stand as a sentence on its own. :?

https://www.scribbr.com/language-rules/colons/

Hello bv8562,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, this article does not cover all uses of the colon.

As explained, colons are also used to introduce lists, examples, and answers or solutions.

For example, "Some names in history: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, have become synonymous with conquest."

Here, the colon is correctly used to introduce examples of "Some names", and as such, is preceded only by the noun phrase it provides examples of.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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According to medieval monks, the remains of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were found at Glastonbury Abbey in A.D. 1191, and Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription (in Latin): "Here Lies Arthur, The Once and Future King."

Option Elimination -

(A) and Arthur’s coffin marked with the inscription - before, and we have a clause, and after, and we have a phrase. Wrong.

(B) Arthur's coffin marked with the inscription - This is a flexible modifier (an absolute phrase if you love jargon), which is adverbial modifying "the remains ...were found." Moreover, "in Latin" correctly modifies "the inscription." The colon is giving an example of something "in Latin"? Something what? Something that "in Latin" modifies. Ok.

(C) and the inscription was marked on Arthur's coffin - grammatically, it looks ok. But look at it from "According to monks, the remains ...were found and the inscription was marked. Marked by whom? We don't know. Moreover, parenthesis () provides additional information, and it is generally recommended that we use parenthesis close to the element they modify. It's not a rule but a general preference for clarity. So here, it's better to place "in Latin" next to the element it modifies, which is "the inscription."

(D) the inscription that was marked on the coffin of Arthur - This is also a relative clause that can be modified the noun or adverbial. Is there any noun that this flexible modifier can modify the preceding clause? No. Okay, let's check if it's adverbial. "the remains ....were found...", the inscription...blah blah..It doesn't make sense. So, it's neither noun nor adverbial. Moreover, "in Latin" needs to be closer to the modified entity which is "the inception."

(E) the Coffin of Arthur had the inscription marked - Two independent clauses joined by a comma. Wrong. We need either a comma + coordinating conjunction or a semicolon or a period.
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