You've done a great job guys! To summarize the issues in each answer...
Added to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
(A) Added to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
Always try to understand what the very first word or couple of words in the sentence are doing. "Added" is a past participle (V3), which is a descriptive word, like an adjective. So we are opening the sentence with a subject modifier that suggests that the subject of the sentence is the thing that was "added". But our subject is employees, and employees were not "added" to anything, so we can stop reading here.(B) Added to the increase in hourly wages which had been requested last July, the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
Same subject-modifier problem as in A. ALSO, NOTE: There is no comma before the "which"!! "Which" must be preceded by a comma. The only exception is when you have a preposition+which (ex. to which, from which, by which, with which...etc.) This is the ONLY time "which" does not need to be be preceded by a comma.(C) The railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits added to the increase in hourly wages that were requested last July.
"program of retirement benefits added" indicates that the program really was added. Similarly "a cake baked on Sunday" is a cake that really was baked. But the program was not added; it was sought.
Also, the relative clause "that were requested" should refer to the increase (singular) that was requested.(D) In addition to the increase in hourly wages that were requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
The relative clause "that were requested" should refer to the increase (singular) that was requested.(E) In addition to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
"The increase... requested (V3)" is correct. The play between "employees of the railroad" and "railroad employees" in D is there only to distract you from the major issues.[/quote]
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