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After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol

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avohden
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After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  Updated on: 19 Jun 2019, 02:06
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After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol spray was found to contain dangerous levels of p-dichlorobenzene, a toxic substance which irritates the lungs and mucous membranes and may cause cancer. The company decided to retool its aerosol spray formula and successfully removed all p- dichlorobenzene from its line of household sprays. Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ aerosol sprays are now less toxic to consumers than ever before.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the author’s conclusion?

A. The company’s most popular aerosol spray has always contained ammonia, which reacts with chlorinated products to produce deadly chloramine gas.

B. Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene for many years have become anemic.

C. P-dichlorobenzene has been used widely in Europe for many years as a room deodorizer with no complaints or significant lawsuits.

D. Aerosol propellants still used in some of the retooled formulas may be flammable and may cause nervous system damage if inhaled.

E. Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ new formula for its most popular aerosol spray now contains trace amounts of petroleum distillates, which are flammable, and may cause fatal pulmonary edema in sensitive individuals.
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Originally posted by avohden on 01 Nov 2013, 09:14.
Last edited by Bunuel on 19 Jun 2019, 02:06, edited 4 times in total.
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  10 Sep 2016, 08:36
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oishik2910 wrote:
i cannot understand why D is not correct
A says something about cl reaction which may or may not be present in the house
E talks about flammable (not worth considering we talk about toxicity only )and the toxicity mentioned is only for sensitive personnel
where as D talks that main component is toxic aerosol propellant

please explain ?


A and D: Both can be eliminated using the same reasoning - In each of the options, the harmful criterion mentioned was previously present as well in the aerosol spray (A: "has always contained" / D: "still used") - there has been no CHANGE in toxicity because of these two criteria. Because p-dichlorobenzene has been eliminated, whereas these two criteria mentioned in A and D have not changed, the overall toxicity has been reduced. Thus these two options do not weaken the argument.

Option E on the other hand discusses about a substance that increases the toxicity of the aerosol because this substance was not there in the spray before ("now contains") - therefore it is possible that the reduction in toxicity because of elimination of p-dichlorobenzene is offset by the use of this petroleum distillate.

(The flammability is irrelevant as you have correctly identified.)
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  01 Nov 2013, 18:37
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The conclusion is that the "aerosol sprays are now less toxic to consumers than ever before." but as a result of what?

The premise is that the company removed the "dangerous levels of p-dichlorobenzene, a toxic substance which
irritates the lungs and mucous membranes and may cause cancer."

In answer A, the fact that ammonia has always been in the formula has no bearing on the lower toxicity of the new formula. Its just one chemical in the spray that is toxic. The answer does not strengthen or weaken the conclusion. It merely states a fact about the aerosol spray that was not included in the question stimulus.

Per my Princeton Review guide, the answer to a weaken question will attack an assumption or provide information that makes the conclusion not true.

I guess an assumption in the argument is that when the company retooled the formula they didn't add any new chemicals that would be considered a toxic substance. Answer A does address this assumption or provide any new information as a result of the new formula.
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  03 Nov 2013, 05:32
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A is a trick which fully destroys the argument. Another trick is D which says that new formula "may be flammable". The E is the best because gives strong relation to new formula which is "flammable"
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  03 Nov 2013, 09:30
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Temurkhon wrote:
A is a trick which fully destroys the argument. Another trick is D which says that new formula "may be flammable". The E is the best because gives strong relation to new formula which is "flammable"



I don't think that the trick in D is because of "may be flammable". Otherwise, answer E would point to the same flaw. I think that the trick in D lays in the word "Aerosol propellants", which is a generalization. E goes straight to the point of "Re-Fresh Air Fresheners".
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  06 Feb 2016, 00:31
One can easily eliminate B, c and D
when it comes to weaken the conclusion, then one has to add some information that directly hurts the conclusion of the argument. The conclusion is "Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ aerosol sprays are now less toxic to consumers than ever before"
A says that aerosol spray has always contained ammonia but the conclusion says about the new aerosol formula. On the other hand, E says "now contains trace amounts of petroleum distillates" and is flammable. this directly hurts the conclusion and thus is the right choice.
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  10 Sep 2016, 04:47
i cannot understand why D is not correct
A says something about cl reaction which may or may not be present in the house
E talks about flammable (not worth considering we talk about toxicity only )and the toxicity mentioned is only for sensitive personnel
where as D talks that main component is toxic aerosol propellant

please explain ?
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  19 Jun 2019, 02:07
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After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol spray was found to contain dangerous levels of p-dichlorobenzene, a toxic substance which irritates the lungs and mucous membranes and may cause cancer. The company decided to retool its aerosol spray formula and successfully removed all p- dichlorobenzene from its line of household sprays. Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ aerosol sprays are now less toxic to consumers than ever before.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the author’s conclusion?

A. The company’s most popular aerosol spray has always contained ammonia, which reacts with chlorinated products to produce deadly chloramine gas.

B. Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene for many years have become anemic.

C. P-dichlorobenzene has been used widely in Europe for many years as a room deodorizer with no complaints or significant lawsuits.

D. Aerosol propellants still used in some of the retooled formulas may be flammable and may cause nervous system damage if inhaled.

E. Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ new formula for its most popular aerosol spray now contains trace amounts of petroleum distillates, which are flammable, and may cause fatal pulmonary edema in sensitive individuals.


VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



The correct response is (E). The conclusion relies on the phrase “less toxic” to claim the NEW aerosol sprays and safer than the OLD sprays produced by Re-Fresh. This conclusion will be weakened by any information which proves that the NEW sprays are in fact just as toxic, or more toxic. The phrase “now contains” in (E) indicated that the harmful petroleum distillates were no present in the old formula, so it’s possible that the new formula is in fact more toxic. (A) might be tempting, but if both the new and old formulas contain this same ingredient, it does not do enough to prove the new formulas is in fact more toxic, which is a stronger refutation of the conclusion.
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink] New post  07 Jul 2020, 02:23
sayantanc2k wrote:
oishik2910 wrote:
i cannot understand why D is not correct
A says something about cl reaction which may or may not be present in the house
E talks about flammable (not worth considering we talk about toxicity only )and the toxicity mentioned is only for sensitive personnel
where as D talks that main component is toxic aerosol propellant

please explain ?


A and D: Both can be eliminated using the same reasoning - In each of the options, the harmful criterion mentioned was previously present as well in the aerosol spray (A: "has always contained" / D: "still used") - there has been no CHANGE in toxicity because of these two criteria. Because p-dichlorobenzene has been eliminated, whereas these two criteria mentioned in A and D have not changed, the overall toxicity has been reduced. Thus these two options do not weaken the argument.

Option E on the other hand discusses about a substance that increases the toxicity of the aerosol because this substance was not there in the spray before ("now contains") - therefore it is possible that the reduction in toxicity because of elimination of p-dichlorobenzene is offset by the use of this petroleum distillate.

(The flammability is irrelevant as you have correctly identified.)


Very Nicely Explained :)
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Re: After a recent lawsuit, Re-Fresh Air Fresheners’ most popular aerosol [#permalink]
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