SajjadAhmad
After bounty hunters turn over their captives to the authorities, they often are denied due process of law.(A) After bounty hunters turn over their captives to the authorities,
they often are denied due process of law.
(B) After turning over bounty hunters’ captives to the authorities,
the authorities often deny them due process of law.
(C) The authorities often deny captives due process of law after bounty hunters turn the captives over to the authorities.
(D) Bounty hunters turn over their captives to the authorities, often
being denied due process of law.
(E) A captive,
when turned over by bounty hunters to the authorities, is often denied due process of law.
Source: Master GMAT
This question hinges on (a) the ambiguity of the pronoun "they/them" and (b) the proper use of modifiers.
Correct answer: C (although very wordy). The OA could also potentially be (E), depending on how faithful the OA is to the meaning of the sentence as indicated by "after." (My hunch is that the wordiness of (C) is disqualifying and (E) is the labeled as correct).
(A): Incorrect. "They" could refer either to "bounty hunters" or to "their captives."
(B): Incorrect. (B)'s wording suggests, illogically, that the authorities turn the captives over to the authorities, by following the modifier "after ..." with "the authorities." However, (B) does remove the ambiguity of "they/them" by referring to the captives as "bounty hunters' captives" (indicating only one other noun -- the captives).
(C): Correct. However, (C) is excessively wordy. (C) could be improved by simply replicating (A) and replacing "they" with "the captives." Alternatively, the second "the authorities" in (C) could be replaced by "them" (as the ambiguity is removed).
(D): Incorrect. The modifier "often being denied due process of law" does not clearly modify "captives"; rather, it appears to modify "bounty hunters."
(E): Incorrect. (E)'s use of "when" changes the intended meaning of the sentence, indicating that the denial of due process occurs at the time that the captive is turned over. The original sentence's use of "after" indicates that the denial of due process continues after the captive is turned over.