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08 Dec 2023, 02:30
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65% (02:51) correct
35%
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wrong
based on 181
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Although it is the opinion of an expert, aired in a recent radio interview, clearly the statement that our skin should constantly be protected from the sun's rays is inaccurate. There is a possibility that in the next 50 to 100 years the damage done to the ozone layer will have been corrected so that the protection that it once granted us will be restored. However, based on current evidence, harmful UV rays are penetrating our atmosphere. Still, our bodies need sunlight and UV for the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital element in our ability to defend ourselves from a variety of serious illnesses even though the benefits of skin protective products have been proven.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the above conclusion?
(A) Constant and complete protection from the sun's rays means that the sunlight that our bodies would usually absorb, which spans a wavelength range of 290 to 400 nanometers, would only reach our skin after being filtered by the organic and inorganic particles in sunscreen lotion.
(B) Of the three bands of ultraviolet light, the bands UVA and UVB, through overexposure, are the major factors responsible for sunburn, photodermatoses, the aging of skin, and skin cancer.
(C) The behavior of skin cells is altered by ultraviolet light which changes the behavior of genes and damages DNA, leaving permanent mutations with changes in the growth characteristics of the skin, ultimately resulting in a risk of cancer.
(D) Rickets, a disease predominant in children that was first connected to a deficiency in vitamin D by medical experts over a century ago, can be corrected with treatments of controlled exposure to ultraviolet light.
(E) Contrary to popular belief, pollution levels, geographic location, percentage of cloud cover, and time of day are characteristics that do not directly influence parameters of ultraviolet light exposure and consequently, vitamin D levels.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the above conclusion?
(A) Constant and complete protection from the sun's rays means that the sunlight that our bodies would usually absorb, which spans a wavelength range of 290 to 400 nanometers, would only reach our skin after being filtered by the organic and inorganic particles in sunscreen lotion.
(B) Of the three bands of ultraviolet light, the bands UVA and UVB, through overexposure, are the major factors responsible for sunburn, photodermatoses, the aging of skin, and skin cancer.
(C) The behavior of skin cells is altered by ultraviolet light which changes the behavior of genes and damages DNA, leaving permanent mutations with changes in the growth characteristics of the skin, ultimately resulting in a risk of cancer.
(D) Rickets, a disease predominant in children that was first connected to a deficiency in vitamin D by medical experts over a century ago, can be corrected with treatments of controlled exposure to ultraviolet light.
(E) Contrary to popular belief, pollution levels, geographic location, percentage of cloud cover, and time of day are characteristics that do not directly influence parameters of ultraviolet light exposure and consequently, vitamin D levels.
mialanknox
Joined: 15 May 2019
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08 Dec 2023, 06:14
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Bunuel
Although it is the opinion of an expert, aired in a recent radio interview, clearly the statement that our skin should constantly be protected from the sun's rays is inaccurate. There is a possibility that in the next 50 to 100 years the damage done to the ozone layer will have been corrected so that the protection that it once granted us will be restored. However, based on current evidence, harmful UV rays are penetrating our atmosphere. Still, our bodies need sunlight and UV for the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital element in our ability to defend ourselves from a variety of serious illnesses even though the benefits of skin protective products have been proven.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the above conclusion?
(A) Constant and complete protection from the sun's rays means that the sunlight that our bodies would usually absorb, which spans a wavelength range of 290 to 400 nanometers, would only reach our skin after being filtered by the organic and inorganic particles in sunscreen lotion.
(B) Of the three bands of ultraviolet light, the bands UVA and UVB, through overexposure, are the major factors responsible for sunburn, photodermatoses, the aging of skin, and skin cancer.
(C) The behavior of skin cells is altered by ultraviolet light which changes the behavior of genes and damages DNA, leaving permanent mutations with changes in the growth characteristics of the skin, ultimately resulting in a risk of cancer.
(D) Rickets, a disease predominant in children that was first connected to a deficiency in vitamin D by medical experts over a century ago, can be corrected with treatments of controlled exposure to ultraviolet light.
(E) Contrary to popular belief, pollution levels, geographic location, percentage of cloud cover, and time of day are characteristics that do not directly influence parameters of ultraviolet light exposure and consequently, vitamin D levels.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the above conclusion?
(A) Constant and complete protection from the sun's rays means that the sunlight that our bodies would usually absorb, which spans a wavelength range of 290 to 400 nanometers, would only reach our skin after being filtered by the organic and inorganic particles in sunscreen lotion.
(B) Of the three bands of ultraviolet light, the bands UVA and UVB, through overexposure, are the major factors responsible for sunburn, photodermatoses, the aging of skin, and skin cancer.
(C) The behavior of skin cells is altered by ultraviolet light which changes the behavior of genes and damages DNA, leaving permanent mutations with changes in the growth characteristics of the skin, ultimately resulting in a risk of cancer.
(D) Rickets, a disease predominant in children that was first connected to a deficiency in vitamin D by medical experts over a century ago, can be corrected with treatments of controlled exposure to ultraviolet light.
(E) Contrary to popular belief, pollution levels, geographic location, percentage of cloud cover, and time of day are characteristics that do not directly influence parameters of ultraviolet light exposure and consequently, vitamin D levels.
Author's Conclusion: Skin should not be protected from sun's rays all the time because it is not helpful
Premise 1: In the future (next 100 years), the ozone layer will revert back to its original state.
Evidence 1: But now, it has some holes which allows harmful UV rays to reach us.
Supporting Claim: We still need Vit D from the sun to defend against various illnesses even though skin products have other proven benefits (other than the ones that defend against illnesses mentioned earlier).
Question: Strengthen
A. Explains what sun screen does but does not conclude which benefits it offers - If it offers other benefits but not those benefits which allow us to absorb Vit D and defend against illnesses then the author is right in saying that constant use of skin care products is not helpful. Therefore, this option is not strengthening the conclusion nor is it weakening, it is doing nothing.
B. Tells us there are 3 types of UV out of which over exposure to 2 is bad - This weakens the author's conclusion because it tells us about the negative effects of overexposure.
C. UV rays leads to skin cancer - This weakens the author's conclusion because it tells us about a certain negative effect of being the sun without protection.
D. Gives us an example of 1 disease that can be prevented with the absorption of Vit D under a controlled exposure - This option acknowledges Evidence 1 which says there are holes in ozone layer today and harmful rays are coming in so if we control our exposure then we can still benefit from the sun's rays instead of avoiding all of it by using skin care products. This option most strongly supports the author's conclusion.
E. Gives us new evidence: pollution, location, clouds, time do not directly influence UV rays and consequently Vit D - This option partly strengthens the conclusion by saying all of the above factors do not DIRECTLY affect Vit D so it will be correct to say that you should not protect yourself from the sun and have a chance of absorbing Vit D. But it doesn't tell us about the INDIRECT effects of these factors on UV rays and Vit D so one could not conclusively defend the author's position using this statement only.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
06 Jan 2024, 12:00
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
Although it is the opinion of an expert, aired in a recent radio interview, clearly the statement that our skin should constantly be protected from the sun's rays is inaccurate. There is a possibility that in the next 50 to 100 years the damage done to the ozone layer will have been corrected so that the protection that it once granted us will be restored. However, based on current evidence, harmful UV rays are penetrating our atmosphere. Still, our bodies need sunlight and UV for the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital element in our ability to defend ourselves from a variety of serious illnesses even though the benefits of skin protective products have been proven.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the above conclusion?
(A) Constant and complete protection from the sun's rays means that the sunlight that our bodies would usually absorb, which spans a wavelength range of 290 to 400 nanometers, would only reach our skin after being filtered by the organic and inorganic particles in sunscreen lotion.
Incorrect.
To solve this Conclusion Strengthening question, first break down the argument. The first sentence uses the conclusion word clearly and is, therefore, the conclusion. The following three sentences are premises since they all contain factual information:
- Premise A: in the next 50 to 100 years the ozone layer may be repaired
+
Premise B: at present, UV rays are penetrating our atmosphere
+
Premise C: the human body needs UV to make vitamin D but sunscreen is also beneficial
=
Conclusion: the opinion that our skin should not receive any sunlight is incorrect
Possible assumption: sunlight is somehow also good for us
Strengthening Data: ?
You are required to find data that supports the statement that the constantly being protected from sunlight is not a good thing. The correct answer could be one that confirms the argument's assumption.
This answer choice neither strengthens nor weakens the conclusion. Although it presents a few details about the sun's rays and sunscreen lotion, it doesn't tell us anything thing that favors either side.
(B) Of the three bands of ultraviolet light, the bands UVA and UVB, through overexposure, are the major factors responsible for sunburn, photodermatoses, the aging of skin, and skin cancer.
Incorrect.
This answer choice neither strengthens nor weakens the conclusion. The fact that UVA and UVB rays have negative effects is not the issue in question. The opinion being argued against is that we should constantly use protection against such rays.
(C) The behavior of skin cells is altered by ultraviolet light which changes the behavior of genes and damages DNA, leaving permanent mutations with changes in the growth characteristics of the skin, ultimately resulting in a risk of cancer.
Incorrect.
This answer choice neither strengthens nor weakens the conclusion. The fact that ultraviolet light is a dangerous thing in our current ozone-depleted situation is not at question here. The expert's opinion is that we should always, or constantly, be protecting ourselves from sunlight. The conclusion that we're supposed to be supporting opposes this opinion.
(D) Rickets, a disease predominant in children that was first connected to a deficiency in vitamin D by medical experts over a century ago, can be corrected with treatments of controlled exposure to ultraviolet light.
This answer choice strengthens the conclusion that the expert's opinion is inaccurate in two ways. Firstly, it tells us of a disease that is caused by not getting enough vitamin D which we are told by the premises is created by ultraviolet exposure. Secondly, it links ultraviolet light to the curing of the disease, showing that it is actually a necessary factor in the human biological system.
(E) Contrary to popular belief, pollution levels, geographic location, percentage of cloud cover, and time of day are characteristics that do not directly influence parameters of ultraviolet light exposure and consequently, vitamin D levels.
Incorrect.
To solve this Conclusion Strengthening question, first break down the argument. The first sentence uses the conclusion word clearly and is, therefore, the conclusion. The following three sentences are premises since they all contain factual information:
- Premise A: in the next 50 to 100 years the ozone layer may be repaired
+
Premise B: at present, UV rays are penetrating our atmosphere
+
Premise C: the human body needs UV to make vitamin D but sunscreen is also beneficial
=
Conclusion: the opinion that our skin should not receive any sunlight is incorrect
Possible assumption: sunlight is somehow also good for us
Strengthening Data: ?
You are required to find data that supports the statement that the constantly being protected from sunlight is not a good thing. The correct answer could be one that confirms the argument's assumption.
This answer choice neither strengthens nor weakens the conclusion since it revolves around refuting parameters that are irrelevant to the argument anyway. Since we are in search of parameters that are directly related to ultraviolet light, this statement is beside the point.
