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Rickooreo
2. In the context of the passage, the phrase "fossils of a predicted kind" most likely refers to which of the following?
A. Theropod fossils with fused clavicles
B. Theropod fossils that are similar in structure to Archaeopteryx fossils
C. Theropod fossils dating back more than 150 million years
D. Fossils indicating the structure of theropod lungs
E. Fossils indicating the structure of Archaeopteryx lungs
What is the prediction given? That birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs.
Some scientists are not convinced. Why? Because for birds to evolve from theropods, theropods should have existed prior to the birds. But, the author explains, the oldest found theropod fossils till now were 115 million years old while 150 million year old bird fossils were found. He then explains that now theropod fossils of the same time as birds (150 million years ago) have been found. He further says that 'failure to find fossils of a predicted kind does not rule out their existence in an undiscovered deposit' - what does this mean? That as per the prediction, theropod fossils of 'before 150 million' should have been found. Just because they haven't been, doesn't mean they don't exist. So he is explaining that it is possible that birds evolved from theropods and hence theropods existed before birds (before 150 million years ago). We just haven't found those fossils yet.
Hence, in question 2, 'predicted fossils' (that have not been found yet) are actually theropod fossils dating back MORE THAN 150 million years ago.
Answer (C)
01 Aug 2022, 06:47
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Rickooreo
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an argument made by scientists who are unconvinced that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs?
A. There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils dating from a period after the time of Archaeopteryx.
B. There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils that indicate the structure of those dinosaurs' lungs.
C. Theropod dinosaurs appear in the fossil record about 150 million years ago.
D. Theropod dinosaurs did not have fused clavicles.
E. Theropod dinosaurs had certain bones that look just like those of Archaeopteryx.
The last sentence says:
Finally, some scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs,
They argue that theropod lungs could not have led to complex bird lungs. They do not argue that lung fossils have not been found. The author mentions that lung fossils have not been found and hence, we cannot prove or disprove this assertion at present.
Hence (B) is not correct.
But skeptics do mention that birds have fused clavicles and theropods do not so birds could not have evolved from theropods. This is our option (D)
Answer (D)
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21 Sep 2022, 04:59
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Between option B and C:
Why option B is incorrect?
-because in the passage, it is already established that theropod is most probably bird's ancestor.
Option B is restating the premise (refer to the first sentace of the passage) not what archeologists expected to find. Instead they wanted to find Theropod fossils oldar than 150M years just because the aim was to establish theropod as ancestors of birds.
Experts please let me know if this reasoning is correct. I was very confused between option B and C.
Posted from my mobile device
Why option B is incorrect?
-because in the passage, it is already established that theropod is most probably bird's ancestor.
Option B is restating the premise (refer to the first sentace of the passage) not what archeologists expected to find. Instead they wanted to find Theropod fossils oldar than 150M years just because the aim was to establish theropod as ancestors of birds.
Experts please let me know if this reasoning is correct. I was very confused between option B and C.
Posted from my mobile device
